Download Ch 4 - Body Structure Key Terms | CLAS 1030 - Medical Terminology and more Quizzes Medical Sciences in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 chromatin DEFINITION 1 structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleic acids and proteinsChromatin condenses to form chromosomes during cell division TERM 2 chromosome DEFINITION 2 Threadlike structures within the nucleus composed of a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule that carries hereditary information encoded in genes. Each sperm and each egg has 23 unpaired chromosomes. After fertilization, each cell of the embryo then has 46 chromosomes (23 pairs). In each pair of chromosomes, one chromosome is inherited from the father and the other from the mother. TERM 3 cytoplasm DEFINITION 3 Jellylike substance found within the cell membrane composed of proteins, salts, water, dissolved gases, and nutrients All cellular structures, including the nucleus and organelles, are embedded in cytoplasm. TERM 4 cyt/o DEFINITION 4 cell TERM 5 -plasm DEFINITION 5 formation, growth TERM 6 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) DEFINITION 6 molecule that holds genetic information capable of replicating and producing an exact copy whenever the cell divides TERM 7 diaphragm DEFINITION 7 muscular wall that divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavityAlternating contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm is essential to the breathing process. TERM 8 metabolism DEFINITION 8 Sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism Metabolism includes the building up (anabolism) and breaking down (catabolism) of body constituents TERM 9 organelle DEFINITION 9 Cellular structure that provides a specialized function, such as the nucleus (reproduction), ribosomes (protein synthesis), Golgi apparatus (removal of material from the cell), and lysosomes (digestion)The membranes of many organelles act as sites of chemical reactions. TERM 10 pathology DEFINITION 10 Study of the nature of diseases, their causes, development, and consequences. Pathology as a branch of medicine includes the use of laboratory methods rather than clinical examination of signs and symptoms to study the causes, nature, and development of diseases
