Reproductive Hormones and Structures: A Comprehensive Overview, Quizzes of Biology

Download Reproductive Hormones and Structures: A Comprehensive Overview and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 GnRH (gonadotrophin-releasing hormone) DEFINITION 1 Stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release LH and FSH. Is present in both males and females. TERM 2 LH (luteinizing hormone) DEFINITION 2 In females, a surge of this hormone triggers ovulation. In males, it stimulates Leydig cell cell production of testosterone. TERM 3 FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) DEFINITION 3 In females, this hormone stimulates the growth of immature ovarian follicles in the ovaries. In males, it is critical for spermatogenesis by enhancing the production of androgen- binding protein by the Sertoli cells in the testes. TERM 4 Testosterone DEFINITION 4 The male sex hormone. The increase of this during puberty causes: the penis and testes to enlarge pubic, underarm and facial hair to appear the larynx widens (deepening the voice) muscle development to increase TERM 5 Estrogen DEFINITION 5 The female sex hormone. The increase of this and other hormones causes: the breasts to become larger the hips to become wider, pubic and underarm hair to appear menstruation to begin. TERM 6 Testes DEFINITION 6 Male gonads. They produce sperm and testosterone. TERM 7 Epididymis DEFINITION 7 A coiled tube that stores sperm and is connected to the vas deferens. Part of the male reproductive system. TERM 8 Vas deferens DEFINITION 8 A male reproductive organ that conducts sperm from the testes to the urethra. TERM 9 Urethra DEFINITION 9 Male reproductive structure that conducts semen from the vas deferens and urine from the urinary bladder to the tip of the penis. TERM 10 Penis DEFINITION 10 Male reproductive structure that deposits semen into the female reproductive tract. TERM 21 Cervix DEFINITION 21 The lower portion of the uterus which nearly closes it off. It joins with the top end of the vagina. TERM 22 Vagina DEFINITION 22 The part of the female reproductive system that serves as a receptacle for semen and, during labor, becomes the birth canal. TERM 23 Oogenesis DEFINITION 23 The formation of egg cells which begins in the developing ovaries of a female embryo. TERM 24 About how many primary oocytes (basic egg cells) is a woman born with? DEFINITION 24 A woman is born with around 1 million to 2 million oocytes - her lifetime supply. No more oocytes will be produced in her life. By puberty there are about 400,000 left. TERM 25 Follicle DEFINITION 25 The combination of the oocyte and the layer of smaller cells surrounding it. TERM 26 What is the biological basis of sexual reproduction? DEFINITION 26 Two haploid gametes fusing to become one diploid individual. TERM 27 Which body part's maturation starts puberty? DEFINITION 27 Maturation of the hypothalamus sets off the start of puberty.