Terminology and Concepts in Organizational Behavior and Ethics, Quizzes of Introduction to Business Management

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TERM 1 reputation DEFINITION 1 the prominence of an organization's brand in the minds of the public and the perceived quality of its goods & services TERM 2 justice DEFINITION 2 perceived fairness of an authority's decision making TERM 3 ethics DEFINITION 3 the degree to which the behaviors of an authority are in accordance with generally accepted moral norms TERM 4 disposition-based trust DEFINITION 4 your personality traits include a general propensity to trust others TERM 5 cognition-based trust DEFINITION 5 trust that's rooted in a rational assessment of the authority's trustworthiness TERM 6 affect-based trust DEFINITION 6 trust that depends on feelings toward the authority that go beyond any rational assessment TERM 7 trust propensity DEFINITION 7 a general expectation that the words, promises, & statements of individuals and groups can be relied upon TERM 8 trustworthiness DEFINITION 8 the characteristics or attributes of a trustee that inspire trust TERM 9 ability DEFINITION 9 the skills, competencies, and areas of expertise that enable an authority to be successful in some specific area TERM 10 benevolence DEFINITION 10 the belief that the authority wants to do good for the trustor, apart from any selfish or profit-centered motives TERM 21 moral attentiveness DEFINITION 21 the degree to which people chronically perceive & consider issues of morality during their experiences TERM 22 moral judgment DEFINITION 22 the process people use to determine whether a particular course of action is ethical/unethical TERM 23 cognitive moral development theory DEFINITION 23 as people age and mature, they move through various stages of moral development--each more mature & sophisticated than the prior one TERM 24 moral principles DEFINITION 24 serve as prescriptive guides for making moral judgments TERM 25 moral intent DEFINITION 25 the degree of commitment to the moral course of action TERM 26 moral identity DEFINITION 26 the degree to which a person self-identifies as a moral person TERM 27 ability to focus DEFINITION 27 the degree to which employees can devote their attention to work, as opposed to "covering their backside," "playing politics," and "keeping an eye on the boss" TERM 28 economic exchange relationships DEFINITION 28 based on narrowly defined, quid pro quo obligations that are specified in advance & have an explicit repayment schedule TERM 29 social exchange relationships DEFINITION 29 develop as trust increases, based on vaguely defined obligations that are open-ended and long term in their repayment schedule TERM 30 corporate social responsibility DEFINITION 30 a perspective that acknowledges that the responsibilities of a business encompass the economic, legal, ethical, and citizenship expectations of society TERM 31 learning DEFINITION 31 relatively permanent changes in an employee's knowledge or skill that result from experience TERM 32 decision making DEFINITION 32 the process of generating & choosing from a set of alternatives to solve a problem TERM 33 expertise DEFINITION 33 the knowledge & skills that distinguish experts from novices and less experienced people TERM 34 explicit knowledge DEFINITION 34 the kind of information you're likely to think about when you picture someone sitting down at a desk to learn; information that's relatively easily communicated TERM 35 tacit knowledge DEFINITION 35 what employees can typically learn only through experience TERM 46 variable ratio schedules DEFINITION 46 reward people after a varying number of exhibited behaviors (ex: slot machine) TERM 47 social learning theory DEFINITION 47 people in organizations have the ability to learn through the observation of others TERM 48 behavioral modeling DEFINITION 48 employees observe the actions of others, learn from what they observe, and then repeat the observed behavior TERM 49 learning orientation DEFINITION 49 building competence is deemed more important than demonstrating competence; people who enjoy doing/learning new things, even if they fail the first few times TERM 50 performance-prove orientation DEFINITION 50 focus on demonstrating competence so that others think favorably of you TERM 51 performance-avoid orientation DEFINITION 51 focus on demonstrating competence so that others won't think poorly of you TERM 52 programmed decisions DEFINITION 52 decisions that become somewhat automatic because people's knowledge allows them to recognize & identify a situation and the course of action that needs to be taken TERM 53 intuition DEFINITION 53 emotionally charged judgments that arise through quick, non-conscious, and holistic associations ("gut feeling") TERM 54 crisis situation DEFINITION 54 a change--whether sudden or evolving--that results in an urgent problem that must be addressed immediately TERM 55 nonprogrammed decision DEFINITION 55 decisions made when a situation is new, complex, & not recognized TERM 56 rational decision-making model DEFINITION 56 a step-by-step approach to making decisions that maximize outcomes by examining all available alternatives:(Figure 8-4, page 248)1) Identify criteria that are important in making the decision 2) Generate a list of all available alternatives that might be potential solutions to the problem 3) Evaluate those alternatives against the criteria laid out 4) Select the alternative that results in the best outcome 5) Implement the chosen alternative TERM 57 bounded rationality DEFINITION 57 the notion that decision makers simply do not have the ability/resources to process all available information and alternatives to make an optimal decision TERM 58 satisficing DEFINITION 58 a decision-making problem that occurs when decision- makers select the first acceptable alternative considered TERM 59 selective perception DEFINITION 59 the tendency for people to see their environment only as it affects them and as it is consistent with their expectations TERM 60 projection bias DEFINITION 60 the belief that others think, feel, and act the same way you do TERM 71 behavior modeling training DEFINITION 71 ensures that employees have the ability to observe & learn from those in the company with significant amounts of tacit knowledge TERM 72 communities of practice DEFINITION 72 groups of employees who work together and learn from one another by collaborating over an extended period of time TERM 73 transfer of training DEFINITION 73 the knowledge, skills, & behaviors used on the job are maintained by the learner once training ends and generalized to the workplace once the learner returns to the job TERM 74 climate for transfer DEFINITION 74 an environment that can support the use of new skills TERM 75 trust DEFINITION 75 the willingness to be vulnerable to a trustee based on positive expectations about the trustee's actions & intentions