Understanding Valid and Warranted Inferences in Arguments, Lecture notes of Business Accounting

Download Understanding Valid and Warranted Inferences in Arguments and more Lecture notes Business Accounting in PDF only on Docsity! Week 4 1 Chamberlain University PHIL347:Critical Reasoning Week 4 2 Inference: The differing meanings of "valid inference" and "warranted inference" are closely related to the differing purposes of deductive and inductive arguments – the purpose of deductive being to prove; the purpose of inductive to make the conclusion most probable. Valid is defined as an argument or inference such that the truth of the premises entails or implies that conclusion must be true. Warranted in our text is an inference or argument such that the truth of the premises justifies or strongly supports confidently accepting the conclusion as very probably true, but not necessarily true (Facione, 2016).  The lexical definitions for both words help us in understand deductive and inductive reasoning. But in a deductive argument, someone will look for a conclusion to match the reasonings, while in ainductive argument, someone will not look past the lexical definition which concludes what they infer. Fallacies: In Section 8.2, the text states that there are "fallacious argument templates" (Facione& Gittens, p. 167) and then gives several examples. The authors’ further state: "Analysis of the meanings of the terms used and the grammatical rules of the language reveal the source of error" (p.167).Choose one of the fallacies in this section, such as Denying the Antecedent or False Classification and pair it with the valid argument template. If I pay my car note on time my car will not be taken away. If I am late on my bill payment my car will be taken away. In this example the reasonings reveal the fallacies. paying bill determines the outcome. If reasoning werefalse, the conclusion would be false.