Download Changing Neighborhoods - Urban Geography - Lecture Slides | GEOG 431 and more Study notes Urbanization in PDF only on Docsity! Created by JDG 2000 Changing Neighborhoods • Neighborhood Change • Housing Markets • Residential Mobility • Market Barriers • Gentrification Created by JDG 2000 Neighborhood Change • Depreciation Curve of Housing – physical deterioration – obsolescence – social & demographic change – mobility issues – uneven development Created by JDG 2000 Housing Markets • Urbanization & Tenure – affordable generalized housing – tangible & intangible benefits of ownership – economic & political advantages – decreasing rental Created by JDG 2000 Housing Markets • Public Housing – not generalized – perceived as anti-American • rugged individual • McCarthyism • racial politics of generalized housing • means testing “Stuy” Projects NYC wot Urban Geography
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Neglected Public Housing, Brooklyn
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Created by JDG 2000 Residential Mobility • Inter-Urban – metro to metro – rural to urban – international • chain migration Created by JDG 2000 Residential Mobility • Intra-Urban – short distance – marginal social/economic change – directional orientation similar (i.e., same Hoyt wedge) – business cycles Created by JDG 2000 Residential Mobility • Why? • Involuntary: Evictions, demolitions, distasters, or bankruptcies (15-25%) • Involuntary Life Change: Divorce, death, or corporate (15%) • Voluntary: a combination of push & pull – push: space, social/physical neighborhood change, repairs/obsolescence – pull: amenities, schools, rent-to-own, jobs Created by JDG 2000 Market Barriers • Social Gatekeepers – Real Estate Agents: Steering & Block Busting – Mortgage Agents: Redlining • shorter terms & higher rates on older/smaller homes • worst dwellings can not be mortgaged • home improvement loans are approved • insurance rates increase • residents become trapped in poor housing • abandonment & delinquent taxes • entire region lacks capital investment Created by JDG 2000 Gentrification • Once depreciation curves hits or approaches bottom a ‘rent gap’ emerges encouraging rapid & early re-investment • New young postmodern professionals (DINKS) seek neo-historical and/or eclectic housing – political & economic clout enables new municipal service delivery • In either case, gentrification has important political & symbolic change nti; Urban Geography
Gentrification
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— displacement
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