Understanding Psychological Disorders: An Overview of DSM-V and Common Types, Quizzes of School management&administration

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TERM 1 Medical Model DEFINITION 1 Proposes that it is a useful to think about abnormal behavior as a disease -Has become the main way of thinking about mental illness today TERM 2 Diagnosis DEFINITION 2 Distinguishing one illness from another TERM 3 Etiology DEFINITION 3 Causation and developmental history of an illness TERM 4 Prognosis DEFINITION 4 forecast about the probably course of an illness TERM 5 Deviance DEFINITION 5 The behavior must be significantly different from what society deems acceptable TERM 6 Maladaptive DEFINITION 6 The behavior interferes with the persons ability to function TERM 7 Personal Distress DEFINITION 7 The behavior is troubling to the individual TERM 8 The American psychological association(APA) uses the __________ __________ _________ to classify disorders DEFINITION 8 Diagnostic Statistical Manual-V (DSM-V) TERM 9 How is the DSM-V arranged DEFINITION 9 -No longer uses a mulit-axial system-Rather it uses a dimensional approach which describes disorders in terms of how people score on a limited number of continuous dimensions TERM 10 Epidemiology DEFINITION 10 Study of the distribution of mental or physical disorders in a population TERM 21 Somatoform Disorders DEFINITION 21 physical ailments that cannot be fully explained by organic conditions and are largely due to psychological factors TERM 22 Somatoform Disorder DEFINITION 22 Marked by a history of diverse physical complaints tha appear to be psychological in origin -Occur mostly in women -Symptoms seem to be linked to stress TERM 23 Conversion Disorder DEFINITION 23 Characterized by a significant loss of physical function with no apparent organic basis, usually in a single organ system- Common symptoms include: -Partial or total loss of vision or hearing -Partial paralysis -Laryngitis or mutism (inability to speak) -Seizures or vomiting -Loss of function in lims TERM 24 Hypochondriasis (Hypochondria) DEFINITION 24 Characterized by excessive preoccupation with health concerns and incessant worry about developing physical illness -People with hypochondria are convinced their symptoms are real often become frustrated with the medical establishment -Hypochondria often occurs along with anxiety disorders and depression TERM 25 Somatoform Disorders Etiology DEFINITION 25 Personality Factors -Somatoform disorders are more common in people with "histrionic" personalities (those that thrive on attention that illness brings) -Neuroticism also seems to elevate one's predispositions to somatoform disordersCognitive Factors - Excessive attention to physiological processes -Unrealistic high standards of good healthSick Role -Attention Seeking, provides and excuse of failure, avoid challenging tasks, little to no demands on sick people TERM 26 Dissociative Disorders DEFINITION 26 Class of disorders in which people lose contact with portions of their consciousness or memory, resulting in disruptions in their sense of identity TERM 27 Dissociative Amnesia DEFINITION 27 Sudden loss of memory for important personal information that is too extensive to be due to normal forgetting -Often occur after a single traumatic event or an extended period of severe trauma or stress TERM 28 Dissociative fugue DEFINITION 28 loss of memory for sense of personal identity -People suffering from this disorder often wander away from, do not know who they are, where they live, or who they know TERM 29 Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) DEFINITION 29 Involves the coexistence in one person of two or more complete, and usually very different, personalities -Also, known as "multiple personality disorder" in which each personality has its own name, memories, traits, and physical mannerisms -Transitions between identities can be sudden and the differences between them can be extreme (differences races or genders) TERM 30 Dissociative Disorders Etiology DEFINITION 30 -Psychogenic amnesia and fugue are usually the result of extreme stress-Dissociative identity disorder causes are largely unknown -However, many clinicians suspect that DID may result from severe emotional trauma that occurs in childhood TERM 31 Mood Disorders DEFINITION 31 Class of disorders marked by emotional disturbances that may spill over to disrupt physical, perceptual, social, and thought processes -Unipolar: emotional extremes at one end -Bipolar: emotional extremes at both ends of mood continuum TERM 32 Major Depressive Disorder DEFINITION 32 Disorder in which people show persistent feelings of sadness and despair and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure- Depression is one of the most common mental illnesses -The majority of people with depression will experience a report episode -However, prevalence is tried to gender -Women are twice as likely to be diagnosed with depression -This does not appear tobe tied to biological differences b/w men and women - Rumination of problems TERM 33 Bipolar Disorder DEFINITION 33 Marked by the experience of both depressed and manic periods -"Manic" periods are characterized by bouts of extreme exuberance and a feeling of invincibility -However, this state of elation alternates, sometimes suddenly, with periods of depression TERM 34 Mood Disorders and Suicide DEFINITION 34 Suicide rates are highest for people with mood disorders, who account for 60% of completed suicides -Lifetime risk for those with bipolar disorder is 15%-20% -10%-15% in those who have had depression -Women are 3x more likely to attempt suicide, but men complete 4x as many suicides TERM 35 Mood Disorders Etiology DEFINITION 35 Genetic Vulnerability -Concordance rates: the percentage of twin pairs or other pairs of relatives that exhibit that same disorder - Suggests there is a genetic basis for disordersNeurochemical ad Neuroanatomical factors -Mood disorders are correlated with low levels of two neurotransmitters in the brain -Norepinephrine & Serotonin -It is unclear whether changes in these chemicals are the cause, or the result, of the onset of mood disorders TERM 46 Autism Spectrum Symptoms DEFINITION 46 -Lack of interest in other people-Tendancy to avoid eye contact-Failure to bond-Delayed or inability to develop speech-Echolalia-Inflexibility with changes in routine TERM 47 Echolalia DEFINITION 47 Rote repetition of others words TERM 48 Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder DEFINITION 48 -About 1% of children presently diagnosed (4x increase since the mid-1990's)-Early intervention and proper treatment plans, 15%-20% of autistic individuals can live independently TERM 49 ASD Etiology DEFINITION 49 -Most theorists believe autism has biological origins-Familial studiessuggest geneticfactors may contribute TERM 50 Eating Disorders DEFINITION 50 Severe disturbances in eating behavior characterized by preoccupation with weight and unhealthy efforts to control weight TERM 51 Anorexia Nervosa DEFINITION 51 Involves intense fear of gaining weight, disturbed body image, refusal to maintain normal eight, and dangerous measures to lose weight -Restrictive Type -Binge- eating/purgingtype TERM 52 Bulimia Nervosa DEFINITION 52 Involves habitually engaging in out-of-control overeating followed by unhealthy compensatory efforts, such as self induced vomiting, fasting, abuse of laxatives and diuretics, and excessive excersize TERM 53 Binge-Eating Disorder DEFINITION 53 Involves distress inducing eating binges that are not accompanied by the purging, fasting, and excessive exercise seen in bulimia TERM 54 Eating Disorder Etiology DEFINITION 54 Genetic VulnerabilityPersonalityCultural Values-Western SocietyRole of Family-Over involved parentsCognitive Factors-All or nothing type of thinking