Computer Science Basics: Terms and Concepts, Quizzes of Computer Science

Download Computer Science Basics: Terms and Concepts and more Quizzes Computer Science in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Program DEFINITION 1 A set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task.Example: Word, PowerPoint TERM 2 Software DEFINITION 2 Programs are commonly referred to as software. TERM 3 Programmer/Software Developer DEFINITION 3 A person with the training and skills to design, create, and test computer programs. TERM 4 Hardware DEFINITION 4 The physical devices that a computer is made of. TERM 5 A typical computer system consists of the following major components: DEFINITION 5 CPU (Central Processing Unit) Main memory Secondary storage devices Input devices Output devices TERM 6 CPU DEFINITION 6 The part of a computer that runs programs. CPUs are small chips known as microprocessors TERM 7 Main Memory DEFINITION 7 Computer's work area Where the computer stores a program while the program is running Stores the data that a running program is working with Commonly known as random access memory (RAM) Used only for temporary storage Contents are erased once computer is shut off Stored in chips TERM 8 Secondary Storage Devices DEFINITION 8 A type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time, even when the computer is turned off. Programs are stored in secondary memory and loaded into main memory as needed. The most common type of secondary storage device is the disk drive. TERM 9 Input Devices DEFINITION 9 Collects data and sends it to the computer.Examples: Keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, scanner, microphone, and digital camera. TERM 10 Output Devices DEFINITION 10 Formats and presents data the computer produces.Examples: Screens, printers TERM 21 ASCII DEFINITION 21 The American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard. Pronounced "askee"Example: The ASCII code for the letter B is 66 TERM 22 Two's Complement DEFINITION 22 Technique to encode negative numbers TERM 23 Floating-Point Notation DEFINITION 23 Technique to encode real numbers such as 3.14159 TERM 24 Digital DEFINITION 24 Digital usually refers to something using digits, particularly binary digits. TERM 25 Digital Data DEFINITION 25 Data that is stored in binary TERM 26 Digital Device DEFINITION 26 Any device that works with binary data TERM 27 Pixels DEFINITION 27 Each pixel in an image is converted to a numeric code that represents the pixel's color. TERM 28 Operations that a CPU can perform: DEFINITION 28 Reading a piece of data from main memory Adding two numbers Subtracting one number from another number Multiplying two numbers Dividing one number by another Moving a piece of data from one memory location to another Determining whether one value is equal to another TERM 29 Machine Language DEFINITION 29 Always written in binary CPUs only understand machine language TERM 30 Instruction Set DEFINITION 30 The entire set of instructions that a CPU can execute TERM 31 Process of copying a program from a secondary storage device to main memory: DEFINITION 31 Fetch: Read the next instruction from memory into the CPU. Decode: The CPU decodes the binary instruction that was just fetched from memory, to determine which operation it should perform. Execute: Perform the operation. TERM 32 Mnemonics DEFINITION 32 Short words used in assembly language.Example: mul = to multiply numbers add = to add numbers TERM 33 Assembler DEFINITION 33 Translates an assembly language program to a machine language program. TERM 34 Keywords DEFINITION 34 Also known as reserved words, are the words that make up a high-level programming language. TERM 35 Statements DEFINITION 35 The individual instructions that you use to write a program in a high-level programming language. A programming statement can consist of keywords, operators, punctuation, and other allowable programming elements, arranged in the proper sequence to perform an operation. TERM 46 Label Object DEFINITION 46 Displays text on a form TERM 47 TextBox Objects DEFINITION 47 Appears as a rectangular region that can accept keyboard input from the user TERM 48 Button Objects DEFINITION 48 Appears on a form as a button with a caption written across its face. When the user clicks a Button object with the mouse, an action takes place. TERM 49 Class DEFINITION 49 A class is a code that describes a particular type of object. It specifies the data that an object can hold (the object's fields and properties), and the actions that an object can perform (the object's methods). TERM 50 .NET Framework DEFINITION 50 A collection of classes and other code that can be used, along with a programming language such as C#, to create programs for the Windows operating system. TERM 51 The Program Development Cycle DEFINITION 51 Understand the program's purpose Design the program's GUI Design the program's logic Write the code Correct syntax errors Test the program and correct logic errors TERM 52 Algorithm DEFINITION 52 Set of well-defined, logical steps that must be taken to perform a task.(Pseudocode) TERM 53 Flow-chart DEFINITION 53 A diagram that graphically depicts the steps of an algorithm. Ovals: appear at the top and bottom of the flowchart as the Start terminal and End terminal Parallelograms: are used as input symbols and output symbols Rectangles: are used as processing symbols, which represent the steps in which the program performs some process on data, such as a mathematical calculation. TERM 54 Logic Error DEFINITION 54 A mistake that does not prevent the code from running but produces the wrong output. TERM 55 Designer Window DEFINITION 55 Create an application's user interface Shows the application's form and allows you to visually design its appearance TERM 56 Solution Explorer Window DEFINITION 56 A solution is a container for holding Visual C# projects Solution Explorer Window allows you to navigate among files in a Visual C# project TERM 57 Properties Window DEFINITION 57 Determines a control's appearance and other characteristics TERM 58 Standard Toolbar DEFINITION 58 Contains buttons that execute frequently used commandsExample: Open File, Save, Save All, Undo, Redo TERM 59 Toolbox DEFINITION 59 A window that allows you to select the controls that you want to use in an applications interface.Example: Use when you want to place a Button, Label, Textbox, or other control on an application's form TERM 60 Tooltip DEFINITION 60 A small rectangular box that pops up when you hover the mouse pointer over a button on the toolbar or in the Toolbox for a few seconds. It contains a short description of the button's purpose.