Introduction to Psychology: Branches, Approaches, and Research Methods, Exams of Psychology

Download Introduction to Psychology: Branches, Approaches, and Research Methods and more Exams Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! chapter 1 intro to psychology (exam 1) psychology - the science of behavior and mental processes empiricism - the idea that knowledges should be acquired through careful observation theory - a collection of interrelated ideas and observations that together describe, explain, and predict behavior or mental processes psychoanalytic - problems are a consequence of anxiety resulting from unresolved conflicts and forces of which a person may be unaware behaviorist - behavior can be predicted and controlled though the principles of learning humanistic - each human being's experience is unique, and humans are drawn toward becoming better cognitive - thoughts form the basis for human behavior biopsychology - the nervous system and heredity affect behavior and mental processes, including emotions, thoughts, and sensory experiences social and cultural - social and cultural context influences a person's behavior, thoughts, and feelings evolutionary - over the course of generations, the human brain and behavior have adapted in ways that allow the species to survive structuralism - developed by Titchener- the school of psychological thought that considered the structure and elements of immediate, conscious experience to be the proper subject matter of psychology. functionalism - developed by William James-the school of psychological thought that was an outgrowth of structuralism and was concerned with how the mind functions and how this functioning is related to consciousness Gestalt psychology - developed by Max Wertheimer- the school of psychological thought that argued that it is necessary to study a person's total experience, not just parts of the mind or behavior, since conscious experience is more than simply the sum of it's parts behaviorism - developed by John Watson- the approach to psychology that focuses on describing and measuring only what is observable, either directly or through assessment instruments humanistic psychology - the psychological perspective that emphasizes positive human values and people's inherent tendency toward personal growth. cognitive psychology - the psychological perspective that focuses on the mental processes involved in perception, learning, memory and thinking