Chapter 1-SPICE for Power Electronics and Electric Power-Book, Lecture notes of Power Electronics

Download Chapter 1-SPICE for Power Electronics and Electric Power-Book and more Lecture notes Power Electronics in PDF only on Docsity! 2 SPICE for Power Electronics and Electric Power, Second Edition similar to the Berkeley version of SPICE and runs on an IBM-PC or compatible, and is available free of cost to students for classroom use. PSpice thus widens the scope for the integration of computer-aided circuit analysis into electronic circuits courses at the undergraduate level. Other versions of PSpice, which will run on the Macintosh II, 486-based processor, VAX, SUN, NEC, and other computers, are also available. 1.2 DESCRIPTIONS OF SPICE PSpice is a member of the SPICE family of circuit simulators, all of which originate from the SPICE2 circuit simulator, whose development spans a period of about 30 yr. During the mid-1960s, the program ECAP was developed at IBM [1]. In the late 1960s, ECAP served as the starting point for the development of the program CANCER at the University of California (UC) at Berkeley. Using CANCER as the basis, SPICE was developed at Berkeley in the early 1970s. During the mid-1970s, SPICE2, which is an improved version of SPICE, was developed at UC–Berkeley. The algorithms of SPICE2 are robust, powerful, and general in nature, and SPICE2 has become an industry-standard tool for circuit simulation. SPICE3, a variation of SPICE2, is designed especially to support computer-aided design (CAD) research programs at UC–Berkeley. As the devel- opment of SPICE2 was supported using public funds, this software is in the public domain, which means that it may be used freely by all U.S. citizens. SPICE2, referred to simply as SPICE, has become an industry standard. The input syntax for SPICE is a free-format style that does not require data to be entered in fixed column locations. SPICE assumes reasonable default values for unspecified circuit parameters. In addition, it performs a considerable amount of error checking to ensure that a circuit has been entered correctly. PSpice, which uses the same algorithms as SPICE2, is equally useful for simulating all types of circuits in a wide range of applications. A circuit is described by statements stored in a file called the circuit file. The circuit file is read by the SPICE simulator. Each statement is self-contained and independent of every other statement, and does not interact with other statements. SPICE (or PSpice) statements are easy to learn and use. A schematic editor can be used to draw the circuit and create a Schematics file, which can then be read by PSpice for running the simulation. 1.3 TYPES OF SPICE The commercially supported versions of SPICE2 can be classified into two types: mainframe versions and PC-based versions. Their methods of computation may differ, but their features are almost identical. However, some may include such additions as a preprocessor or shell program to manage input and provide inter- active control, as well as a postprocessor to refine the normal SPICE output. A person used to one SPICE version (e.g., PSpice) should be able to work with other versions. Introduction 3 Mainframe versions are: HSPICE (from Meta-Software), which is for integrated-circuit design with special device models RAD-SPICE (from Meta-Software), which simulates circuits subjected to ionizing radiation IG-SPICE (from A.B. Associates), which is designed for “interactive” circuit simulation with graphics output I-SPICE (from NCSS Time Sharing), which is designed for “interactive” circuit simulation with graphics output Precise (from Electronic Engineering Software) PSpice (from MicroSim) AccuSim (from Mentor Graphics) Spectre (from Cadence Design) SPICE-Plus (from Valid Logic) The PC versions include the following: AllSpice (from Acotech) Is-Spice (from Intusoft) Z-SPICE (from Z-Tech) SPICE-Plus (from Analog Design Tools) DSPICE (from Daisy Systems) PSpice (from MicroSim) OrCAD (from Cadence) Spice (from KEMET) B2 Spice A/D (from Beige Bag Software) AIM-Spice (from AIM-Software) VisualSpice (from Island Logix) Spice3f4 (from Kiva Design) OrCAD SPICE (from OrCAD) MDSPICE (from Zeland Software, Inc.) Ivex Spice (from Ivex Design) 1.4 TYPES OF ANALYSIS PSpice allows various types of analysis. Each analysis is invoked by including its command statement. For example, a statement beginning with the .DC com- mand invokes the DC sweep. The types of analysis and their corresponding . dot commands are described in the following text. DC analysis is used for circuits with time-invariant sources (e.g., steady-state DC sources). It calculates all node voltages and branch currents for a range of values, and their quiescent (DC) values are the outputs. The dot commands and their functions are: Introduction 7 1.7.2 PSPICE SCHEMATICS drawn on the platform is run from the analysis menu. The simulation type and settings are specified from the Analysis menu. After the simulation run is com- pleted, PSpice automatically opens PSpice A/D for displaying and viewing the output results. 1.7.3 ORCAD CAPTURE The platform for OrCAD Capture, which is similar to that of PSpice Schematics platform is run from the PSpice menu. The simulation type and settings are specified from the PSpice menu. After the simulation run is completed, Capture automat- ically opens PSpice A/D for displaying and viewing the output results. FIGURE 1.2 Platform for PSpice A/D (version 9.1). 8 SPICE for Power Electronics and Electric Power, Second Edition FIGURE 1.3 Platform for PSpice Schematics (version 9.1). FIGURE 1.4 Platform for OrCAD Capture (version 9.1). Introduction 9 1.8 PSPICE SCHEMATICS VS. ORCAD CAPTURE OrCAD Capture has some new features, and the platform is similar to that of PSpice Schematic. Schematics files (with extension .SCH) can be imported to OrCAD Capture (with extension .OPJ). However, OrCAD files cannot be run on PSpice Schematics. Therefore, it is advisable that those readers familiar with PSpice Sche- matics use PSpice Schematics version 9.1, which has a platform similar to that of version 8.0. However, its PSpice A/D is similar to that of OrCAD Capture. PSpice Schematics (version 9.1), as shown in Figure 1.5, can be downloaded FIGURE 1.5 About Schematics. (a) PSpice, (b) OrCAD. (a) (b)