Chapter 10 | BSC 1010 - General Biology I, Quizzes of Biology

Download Chapter 10 | BSC 1010 - General Biology I and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Binary Fission DEFINITION 1 Occurs in bacteria; a form of cell divisionBegins with replication of DNADivision occurs at midcellThen they move to opposite ends TERM 2 Septum DEFINITION 2 A wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones. TERM 3 Septation DEFINITION 3 - Occurs at midpoint of the cell- Contracts inward until the cell pinches and it separates TERM 4 Mitosis DEFINITION 4 Mitosis is the process by which a eukaryotic cell separates the chromosomes in its cell nucleus into two identical sets in two nuclei.Spindle apparatus assembles; binds to chromosomes; moves sister chromatids apart DivideWalter Flemming discovered this; slamander larvae TERM 5 Clonal DEFINITION 5 Each cell produced by cell division is an identical copy of the original cell. TERM 6 Facts DEFINITION 6 Bacteria/ Eukaryotic cells- produce 2 cells- Same DNA as original- Duplication and segregation of DNA into daughter cells- Division of cellular contents TERM 7 Bacteria DEFINITION 7 - Genome; made of single, circular DNA molecules- DNA is located in nucleoid- SMC proteins help pack DNA- Replication and partitioning of Chromosome are key parts TERM 8 FtsZ protein DEFINITION 8 - Found in prokaryotes- Assembles into a ring at midpoint in cell where it separates and divides TERM 9 Chromosomes DEFINITION 9 - All eukaryotes have them- Number vary throughout cells- Eukaryotes have 10-50- Human cells have 46 with 23 identical pairs- Missing one; monosomy- Extra copy; trisomy- Composed of chromatin- Site of RNA synthesis TERM 10 Coiled DEFINITION 10 - DNA is tightly packed into a smaller space allowing it to fit TERM 21 Chromatids DEFINITION 21 One of the two identical copies of DNA making up a duplicated chromosome, which are joined at their centromeres, for the process of cell division. TERM 22 Cell cycle DEFINITION 22 The series of events that takes place in a cell leading to its division and duplication.Completion time variesAnimal embryos are shortestHuman takes longer hours to years TERM 23 Gap phase 1 DEFINITION 23 Primary growth phaseLongest phaseCells pause in this stage TERM 24 S phase DEFINITION 24 DNA is replicated TERM 25 Gap phase 2 DEFINITION 25 Second growth phasePrep for seperation of newly replicated genomeAssemble machinery to move chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell TERM 26 Cytokinesis DEFINITION 26 Cytoplasm divides creating 2 daughter cells TERM 27 G0 phase DEFINITION 27 Resting stateCan last in phase from days to yearsMuscle/ nerve cells stay in this forever TERM 28 Centromere DEFINITION 28 A region of DNA typically found near the middle of a chromosome where two identical sister chromatids come closest in contact. TERM 29 Kinetochore DEFINITION 29 The protein structure on chromosomes where the spindle fibers attach during cell division to pull the chromosomes apart. Disklike TERM 30 Tubulin DEFINITION 30 Protein that forms microtubules in eukaryotesExtensively synthesis in G2 TERM 31 Prophase DEFINITION 31 A stage of mitosis in which the chromatin condenses (it becomes shorter and fatter) into a highly ordered structure called a chromosome in which the chromatin becomes visible. Spindle- separates sister chromatids; causes nuclear envelope to break down getting absorbed by the ER TERM 32 Aster DEFINITION 32 Braces the centrioles against the membrane and stiffens the point of micro tubular attachment during the retraction of the spindlePlant cells do not form these TERM 33 Prometaphase DEFINITION 33 Disassembly of the nuclear envelopeChromosomes attach to the kinetochoresMicrotubules grow from the poles of the cells toward the centrosomes Chromosomes begin to move to center of the cell TERM 34 Metaphase DEFINITION 34 A stage of mitosis in the eukaryotic cell cycle in which condensed & highly coiled chromosomes, carrying genetic information, align in the middle of the cell before being separated into each of the two daughter cells.Chromosomes line up on metaphase plateTransitional stage TERM 35 Anaphase DEFINITION 35 The stage of mitosis or meiosis when chromosomes separate in an eukaryotic cell. Shortest stageRemoval of sister chromatids from all of the chromosomesThey are pulled rapidly toward the pulls where there kinet are attachedAnaphase A; kinet are pulled toward the polesAnaphase B; poles move apart