Cardiovascular System & Physical Activity: Functions, Components, BP, & Flow Regulation, Quizzes of Physical Education and Motor Learning

Download Cardiovascular System & Physical Activity: Functions, Components, BP, & Flow Regulation and more Quizzes Physical Education and Motor Learning in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 circulatory system service five important functions during PA DEFINITION 1 Delivers oxygen to active tissue aerates blood returned to lungs transports heat, by-product of cellular metabolism from body core to skin delivers fuel nutrients to active tissues transports hormones the body's sophisticated chemical messengers TERM 2 Cardiovascular system composed of four parts: DEFINITION 2 heart arteries capillaries veins TERM 3 What are arteries? DEFINITION 3 high-pressured tubing that conducts oxygen rich blood to tissues: no gaseous exchange takes place between arterial blood and surrounding tissues network of arteries and aterioles pumps blood from left ventricle into aorta and then throughout the body arteriole walls contain circular layers of smooth muscle that constrict or relax to regulate peripheral blood flow TERM 4 what are capillaries DEFINITION 4 Network of microscopic blood vessels so thin they provide only enough room for blood cells to squeeze through in single file. gases, nutrients and waste products rapidly transfer across thin, porous capillary walls velocity progressively decreases as blood moves toward and into capillaries TERM 5 what are veins DEFINITION 5 venules empty into superior and inferior vena cavae thin, membranous flap like valves spaced at short intervals within veins permit one-way blood flow back to heart venous system acts as active blood reservoir to either retard or enhance blood flow to systemic circulation TERM 6 what is blood pressure and the two measures DEFINITION 6 systolic blood pressure: highest arterial pressure measured after left ventricular contraction diastolic blood pressure: lowest arterial pressure measured during left ventricular relaxation TERM 7 blood pressure during physical activity DEFINITION 7 Rhythmic steady-rate activity; SBP increases in first few minutes then levels off DBP remains unchanged TERM 8 What does resistance training do to BP DEFINITION 8 it increases BP dramatically TERM 9 Upper body activity DEFINITION 9 PA at a given percentage of VO2 max increase BP more in upper body than lower body activity TERM 10 Recovery DEFINITION 10 SBP decreases below pre-activity levels for up to 12 hours in normal and hypertensive subjects following sustained light to moderate intensity PA TERM 21 stress test: Echo DEFINITION 21 ECG BP symptoms US TERM 22 stress test: myoview DEFINITION 22 ECG BP symptoms radioactive die (thallium) TERM 23 Stress test: Pharmacological ( drug induced- epinephrine DEFINITION 23 ECG BP symptoms US and or Die TERM 24 extrinsic heart rate regulation DEFINITION 24 sympathetic influence releases epinephrine, norepinephrineresults in tachycardia Parasympathetic influences: releases acetylcholine and results in bradycardia TERM 25 cortical influence DEFINITION 25 central command provides greatest control over HR: exerts its effect during PA at rest and immediate pre-PA period produces anticipatory HR particularly apparent prior to all out physical effort TERM 26 Peripheral input DEFINITION 26 Mechanoreceptor and chemoreceptors- stimuli from these receptors monitor state of active muscle to create an appropriate CV response. TERM 27 Blood distribution: physical activity effects DEFINITION 27 increase energy expentiture expenditure requires rapid readjustments in blood flow that effect the entire CV system Vascular portion of active muscle increases through dilation of local arterioles: concurrently other vessels constrict to shut down blood flow to tissues that can temporarily compromise blood supply. TERM 28 Blood flow regulation DEFINITION 28 Flow= pressure / resistance three factors determine resistance to blood flow: poiseulle's law viscosity (blood thickness) length of conducting tube radius of blood vessel flow= (pressure gradient times vessel radius 4) / (vessel length times fluid viscosity TERM 29 blood flow Local DEFINITION 29 increases in temp. CO2, acidity, adenosine, nitric oxide, magnesium and potassium ions enhance regional blood flow TERM 30 blood flow neural DEFINITION 30 sympathetic and parasympathetic portions of ANS override vasoregulation afforded by local factors to provide central vascular control TERM 31 blood flow Hormonal DEFINITION 31 upon sympathetic activation, adrenal glands release epinephrine and norepinephrine to cause general constrictor reponse except in heart and skeletal muscle blood vessels TERM 32 Cardiovascular dynamics: physical activity effects: DEFINITION 32 cardiac output most important indicator of circulatory system functional capacity to meet PA demands cardiac output =heart rate times stroke volume TERM 33 three physiologic mechanisms increase hearts stroke volume in PA DEFINITION 33 enhanced cardiac filling in diastole followed by more forceful systolic contraction neurohormonal influence causes normal ventricular filling with forceful ejection and emptying during systole training adaptations expand blood volume and reduce resistance to blood flow in peripheral tissues TERM 34 systolic emptying versus diastolic filling Preload: DEFINITION 34 greater ventricular filling in diastole during the cardiac cycle from increased vernous return TERM 35 systolic emptying versus diastolic filling afterload: DEFINITION 35 resistance to flow from increased systolic pressure increase in end-diastolic volume stretches myocardial fibers, causing powerful ejection strokes as the heart contracts expels normal SV plus additional blood that enters ventricles and stretches the myocardium frank-starling law of the heart describes this phenomenon as applied to the myocardium