Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development and Key Concepts, Quizzes of Introduction to Sociology

Download Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development and Key Concepts and more Quizzes Introduction to Sociology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Concrete Operational Stage DEFINITION 1 Piaget's theory of cognitive development7 to 11 yearsthought is more logical, flexible, and organized than during early childhood TERM 2 Reversibility DEFINITION 2 capacity to think through a series of steps and then mentally reverse direction, returning to the starting point TERM 3 Decentration DEFINITION 3 focusing on several aspects of a problem and relating them TERM 4 Seriation DEFINITION 4 ability to order items along a quantitative dimension, such as length or weight TERM 5 Transitive Inference DEFINITION 5 mental seriation TERM 6 Cognitive maps DEFINITION 6 mental representations of familiar large-scale spaces, such as a neighborhood or school TERM 7 Production deficiency DEFINITION 7 Preschoolers rarely engage in attentional strategiesFail to produce strategies TERM 8 Control deficiency DEFINITION 8 Young elementary school children sometimes produce strategies, but not consistentlyFail to control, or execute, strategies TERM 9 Utilization deficiency DEFINITION 9 Children execute strategies consistently, but their performance either doesnt improve or improves less than that of older children TERM 10 Effective Strategy Use DEFINITION 10 By mid-elementary school, children use strategies consistently, and performance improves TERM 21 Practical Intelligence DEFINITION 21 application of intellectual skills in everyday situations TERM 22 Theory of Multiple Intelligences DEFINITION 22 defines intelligence in terms of distinct sets of processing operations that permit individuals to engage in a wide range of culturally valued activities TERM 23 Emotional Intelligence DEFINITION 23 Set of emotional abilities that enable individuals to process and adapt to emotional information TERM 24 Stereotype Threat DEFINITION 24 fear of being judged on the basis of a negative stereotype can trigger anxiety that interferes with performance TERM 25 Dynamic Assessment DEFINITION 25 adult introduces purposeful teaching into the testing situation to find out what the child can attain with social support TERM 26 Metalinguistic Awareness DEFINITION 26 ability to think about language as a systen TERM 27 Traditional Classrooms DEFINITION 27 The teacher is the sole authority for knowledge, rules, and decision making and does most of the talking. Students are relatively passive. Progress is evaluated by how well they keep pace with a uniform set of standards for their grade TERM 28 Constructivist Classroom DEFINITION 28 Encourages students to construct their own knowledgeTeacher guides and supports in response to child's needsStudents are evaluated by their progress in relation to their own prior development TERM 29 Social-Constructivist Classrooms DEFINITION 29 children participate in a wide range of challenging activities with teachers and peers, with whom they jointly construct understandings TERM 30 Reciprocal Teaching DEFINITION 30 Teacher and 2 to 4 students form a cooperative group and take turns leading dialogues on the content of a text passageGroup members apply 4 cognitive strategies: questioning, summarizing, clarifying, and predicting TERM 31 Phonological awareness DEFINITION 31 ability to reflect on and manipulate the sound structure of spoken language TERM 32 Communities of Learners DEFINITION 32 teachers guide the overall process of learning but no other distinction is made between adult and child contributorsAll participate in joint endeavors and have the authority to define and resolve problems TERM 33 Educational Self-Fulfilling Prophecies DEFINITION 33 Children may adopt teacher's positive or negative views and start to live up to them TERM 34 Cooperative Learning DEFINITION 34 small groups of classmates work toward common goals TERM 35 Inclusive Classrooms DEFINITION 35 students with learning difficulties learn alongside typical students in the regular educational setting for part or all of the school daydesigned to prepare them for participation in society and to combat prejudices against individuals with disabilities