Motivation Theories and Job Design: A Comprehensive Overview, Quizzes of Introduction to Business Management

Download Motivation Theories and Job Design: A Comprehensive Overview and more Quizzes Introduction to Business Management in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Acquired Needs Theory DEFINITION 1 states that three needs- achievement, affiliation and power- are major motives determining people's behavior in the workplace. We are not born with our needs, rather we learn them from the culture and life experiences. Achievement (need to excel), Affiliation ( need for close relationships), Power (need to control others) TERM 2 Content Perspectives DEFINITION 2 need based perspectives; theories that emphasize the needs that motivate employees TERM 3 Equity Theory DEFINITION 3 focuses on employee perceptions as to how fairly they think they are being treated compared to others. Employees are motivated to see fairness in the rewards they expect for task performance. Inputs over Outputs and rewards compared between oneself and others. TERM 4 ERG Theory DEFINITION 4 Assumes that three basic needs influence behavior; more than one can be activated at a time rather in a step by step hierachy. Existence, Relatedness and Growth TERM 5 Expectancy DEFINITION 5 belief that a particular level of effort will lead to a particular level of performance; effort-to-performance expectancy TERM 6 Expectancy Theory DEFINITION 6 suggests that people are motivated by two things: how much they want something and how likely they think they are to get it; people will make choices that promise them the greatest reward if they think they can get it TERM 7 Extinction DEFINITION 7 the withholding or withdrawal of positive rewards for desirable behavior, so that the behavior is less likely to occur in the future. Weaken efforts to perform better in the future TERM 8 Extrinsic Reward DEFINITION 8 satisfaction in payoff from others such as money a person receives from others for performing a particular task TERM 9 Goal-setting Theory DEFINITION 9 suggests that employees can be motivated by goals that are specific and challenging but achievable TERM 10 Hierarchy of Needs Theory DEFINITION 10 proposes that people are motivated by five levels of needs ranging from basic to highest level; suggests that needs are never completely satisfied, our actions are aimed at fulfilling the 'deprived' needs that remain unsatisfied.Physiological --> Safety --> Love --> Esteem --> Self Actualization TERM 21 Needs DEFINITION 21 physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior, can be strong or weak and because they are influenced by the enviornment they can vary over time from place to place TERM 22 Negative Reinforcement DEFINITION 22 removal of unpleasant consequences following a desired behavior. No praise but no longer any negative consequence to maintain behavior TERM 23 Positive Reinforcement DEFINITION 23 the use of positive consequences to encourage desirable behavior. Praise, money, recognition, awards to strengthen behavior TERM 24 Process Perspectives DEFINITION 24 concerned with the thought processes by which people decide how to act, how employees choose behavior to meet their needs, try to understand why employees have different needs what behaviors they select to satisfy them and how they decide if their choices are successful TERM 25 Punishment DEFINITION 25 the application of negative consequences to stop or change undesirable behavior TERM 26 Reinforcement DEFINITION 26 anything that causes a given behavior to be repeated or inhibited TERM 27 Reinforcement Theory DEFINITION 27 attempts to explain behavior change by suggesting that behavior with positive consequences tends not to be repeated TERM 28 Two-Factor Theory DEFINITION 28 proposed that work satisfaction and dissatisfaction arise from two different factors- work satisfaction from motivating factors and work dissatisfaction from hygiene factors TERM 29 Valence DEFINITION 29 value, the importance a worker assigns to the possible outcome or reward