Key Concepts in Genetic Engineering & Genetically Modified Organisms: Biotech Terminology, Quizzes of Biology

Download Key Concepts in Genetic Engineering & Genetically Modified Organisms: Biotech Terminology and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 biotechnology DEFINITION 1 any industrial or commercial use or alteration of organisms, cells, or biological molecules to acheive specific practical goals TERM 2 genetic engineering DEFINITION 2 the modification of the genetic material of an organism, usually using recombinant DNA techniques TERM 3 genetically modified organism (GMO) DEFINITION 3 plants and animals that express DNA that has been midified or derived from other species TERM 4 plasmid DEFINITION 4 a small, circular piece of DNA located in the cytoplasm of many bacteria; usually does not carry genes required for the normal functioning of the bacterium, but may cary genes, such as those for antibiotic resistance, that assist bacterial survival in certain environments TERM 5 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DEFINITION 5 a method of producing virtually unlimited numbers of copies of a specific piece of DNA, starting with as little as one copy of the desired DNA TERM 6 recombinant DNA DEFINITION 6 DNA that has been altered by the addition of DNA from a different organism, typically from a different species TERM 7 restriction enzyme DEFINITION 7 an enzyme, usually isolated from bacteria, that cuts double- stranded DNA at a specific nucleotide sequence; the nucleotide sequence that is cut differs for different restriction enzymes TERM 8 short tandem repeat (STR) DEFINITION 8 a DNA sequence consisting of a short sequence of nucleotides (usually 2 to 5 nucleotides in length) repeated multiple times, with all of the repititions side by side on a chromosome; variations in the number of repeats of a standardized set of 13 ____ produce DNA profiles used to identify people by their DNA TERM 9 transformation DEFINITION 9 a method of aquiring new genes, whereby DNA from one bacterium (normally released after the death of the bacterium) becomes incorporated into the DNA of another, living bacterium TERM 10 transgenic DEFINITION 10 referring to an animal or plant that contains DNA derived from another species, usually inserted into the organism through genetic engineering.