Download Chapter 14 | PSYC 2044 - Psychology of Learning and more Quizzes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Generalization DEFINITION 1 Tendency for effects of learning to spread (aka. transfer)4 main types Across people- includes vicarious generalization Across time- response maintenance Across behaviors- response generalization Across situations- stimulus generalization -respond to a stimuli not present during learningCan be both good and bad TERM 2 Increasing Generalization DEFINITION 2 To increase likelihood: Train a variety of settings, examples, consequences, etc. Reinforce generalization Often a big issue for therapists A client may do well during sessions, but not at school/home Giving "homework" assignments helps TERM 3 Discrimination DEFINITION 3 Tendency for behavior to occur in situations that closely resemble the one in which it was learned, but not in situations that differInversely related to generalization TERM 4 Discrimination Training DEFINITION 4 Procedure for establishing discriminationClassical Conditioning examples: Pair a CS (metronome) with a US (food) May have to start off with very different stimuli and slowly increase similarity Operant Conditioning examples: Discriminative stimuli: stimuli that signal different consequences for a behavior TERM 5 Ways of Establishing Discrimination in Operant Learning DEFINITION 5 Successive Discrimination Training- discriminative stimuli alternate Simultaneous Discrimination Training- discriminative stimuli presented at the same time Matching to Sample (MTS)- select from two or more alternatives the stimulus that matches the sample -Oddity matching/mismatching- choose what differs TERM 6 Errorless Discrimination Training DEFINITION 6 Making errors punishes effort and trying Make "wrong" option less available -> less likely to make errors Increase availability gradually -> still less likely to choose it Leads to less emotional distress than traditional methods TERM 7 Differential Outcomes Effect DEFINITION 7 Different reinforcement for different behaviors Leads to faster learning of discrimination training TERM 8 Stimulus Control DEFINITION 8 The presence of a discriminative stimulus reliably affects the probability of the behavior (ex. the color of the traffic light affects your driving behavior) May be a more complex combination of stimuli TERM 9 Applications of Stimulus Control DEFINITION 9 Training animals for public performance Eliminating problem behaviors Targeting Study environments Also the treatment of choice for sleep onset insomnia TERM 10 Pavlov's Theory DEFINITION 10 Discrimination training produces physiological changesin the brain Establishes an area of excitation associated with the CS+ and area of inhibition associated with CS- If something new is similar to CS, it will excite a nearby area of the brain and thereby either trigger or inhibit the CR No real evidence of this theory
