Psychological Disorders: Understanding Different Types of Mental Health Conditions, Exams of Psychology

Download Psychological Disorders: Understanding Different Types of Mental Health Conditions and more Exams Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders Psychological Disorder - Deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional patterns of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) - A psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Medical Model - The concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured, often though treatment in a hospital. DSM-IV-TR - The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, with an updated "text revision"; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders. Axis I-V - Axis I: Clinical Syndrome present? Axis II: Personality Disorder or Mental Retardation present? Axis III: General Medical Condition, such as diabetes, also present? Axis IV: Psychosocial/Environmental Problems? Axis V: Global Assessment of person's functioning Anxiety Disorders - Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety. Generalized Anxiety Disorders - An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal. Panic Disorder - An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experience terror and accompanying chest pain, choking or other frightening sensations. Phobia - An anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) - An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) - An anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience. Post-Traumatic Growth - Positive psyhchological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises. Learning Perspective on Anxiety - Fear Conditioning: Learn anxiety/fear when bad events happen unpredictably and uncontrollably. Observational Learning: Learn the behavior from others. Cognition: Interpretations/Irrational beliefs make for anxiety. Biological Perspective on Anxiety - Natural Selection: We are biologically prepared to fear threats. Mother with schizophrenia, birth complications, separation from parents, short attention span/poor muscle coordination, disruptive/withdrawn behavior, emotional unpredictability, and poor peer relations and solo play. Dissociate Disorders - Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings. Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) - A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Formerly called multiple personality disorder. Anorexia Nervosa - An eating disorder in which a person ( usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly (15% or more) underweight. Bulimia Nervosa - An eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) with purging (by vomiting or laxative use), or fasting. Binge-Eating Disorder - Significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging or fasting, that marks bulimia nervosa. Personality Disorders - Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning. Antisocial Personality Disorder - A personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist. Risk Factors for Mental Disorders - Academic failure, birth complications, child abuse/neglect, family disorganization/conflict, low socioeconomic status, medical illness, parental mental illness, parental substance abuse, reading disabilities, social incompetence, stressful life events, and trauma experiences. Protective Factors for Mental Disorders - Aerobic exercise, supportive community, effective parenting, feelings of security, literacy, positive attachment and early bonding, problem-solving skills, self-esteem, social and work skills, and social support from family and friends.