Terms and Definitions in Social Change, Industrialization, and Environmental Sociology, Quizzes of Conflictology

Download Terms and Definitions in Social Change, Industrialization, and Environmental Sociology and more Quizzes Conflictology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 modernization DEFINITION 1 the transformation of traditional societies into industrial societies TERM 2 dialectical process DEFINITION 2 each arrangement of power contains contradictions which make the arrangement unstable and which must be resolved; the new arrangement of power contains its own contradictions; this process of balancing and unbalancing continues throughout history as groups struggle for power and other resources. TERM 3 invention DEFINITION 3 the combination of existing elements and materials to form news ones; identified by William Ogburn as one of three porcesses of social change. TERM 4 discovery DEFINITION 4 a new way of seeing reality; identified by William Ogburn as one of three processes of social change TERM 5 diffusion DEFINITION 5 Definitionthe spread of an invention or a discovery from one area to another; identified by William Ogburn as one of three processes of social change TERM 6 cultural lag DEFINITION 6 Ogburn's term for human behavior lagging behind technological innovations TERM 7 postmodern societies DEFINITION 7 another tem for post industrial society; a chief characteristic is the use of tools that exten human abilities to gather and analyze information, to communicate, and to travel TERM 8 social movements DEFINITION 8 a large group of people who are organized to promote or resist some social change TERM 9 proactive social movement DEFINITION 9 a social movement that promotes some social change TERM 10 reactive social movement DEFINITION 10 a social movement that seeks to reform some specific aspect of society TERM 21 sustainable environment DEFINITION 21 a world system that takes into account the limits of the environment, produces enough material goods for everyone's needs, and leaves a sound environment for the next generation TERM 22 acid rain DEFINITION 22 rain containing sulfuric and nitric acids TERM 23 greenhouse effect DEFINITION 23 the buildup of carbon dioxide in the earth's atmosphere that allows light to enter but inhibits the release of heat; believed to cause global warming TERM 24 global warming DEFINITION 24 an increase in the earth's temperature due to the greenhouse effect TERM 25 environmental injustice DEFINITION 25 refers to how minorities and the poor are harmed the most by environmental pollution TERM 26 corporate welfare DEFINITION 26 the financial incentives given to corporations in order to attract them to an area or induce them to remain TERM 27 ecosabotage DEFINITION 27 actions taken to sabotage the efforts of people who are thought to be legally harming the environment TERM 28 environmental sociology DEFINITION 28 a specialty within sociology whose focus is how humans affect the environment and how the environment affects humans TERM 29 social change DEFINITION 29 the alteration of culture and societies over time