Chapter 15 Tracing Evolutionary History | BIOL 103 - Environmental Biology, Quizzes of Environmental Science

Download Chapter 15 Tracing Evolutionary History | BIOL 103 - Environmental Biology and more Quizzes Environmental Science in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 What is microevolution and what is macroevolution whats the difference? DEFINITION 1 microevolution is the change in the gene pool of a population from one generation to the nextMacroevolution involves the pattern of evolutionary changes over large time spans and includes the origin of new groups and evolutionary novelties as well as mass extinctions TERM 2 Which is more likely to be closely related 2 species with similar appearance but dif gene sequences or dif appearance and nearly identical genes? DEFINITION 2 Ones with different appearances and nearly identical genes are more likely to be closely related because even small genetic changes can produce divergent physicalappearancesbut if the genes have diverged greatly it implies that lineages have beenseparatefor some time and the similar appearances may be analogous not homologous. TERM 3 How can darwins concept of descent with modification explain evolution of complex structures like the eye DEFINITION 3 complex structures can evolve by gradual refinement of earlier versions of those structures all of which served a useful function in each ancestor. TERM 4 What types of molecular comparisons are used to determine the very early branchings of the tree of life DEFINITION 4 The ribosomal RNA genes which specify the rna parts of ribosomes have evolved so slowly that homologies between even distantly related organisms can be detected TERM 5 ancient photosynthetic prokaryotes were very important in the history of life because? DEFINITION 5 they produced the oxygen in the environment TERM 6 Adaptive radiations may be promoted by what DEFINITION 6 mass extinctions that result in vacant ecological nichescolonization of an isolated region with few competitorsa novel adaptationanother adaptive radiation providing new food sources TERM 7 Major divisions in the geological record are marked by?The boundaries between geological period are marked by? DEFINITION 7 distinct changes in the types of fossilized lifemass extinction TERM 8 the 1st life may have evolved through 4 stages which are? DEFINITION 8 abiotic, nonliving synthesis of small organic molecules like amino acids and nitrogenous basesjoining of these small molecules into polymers like proteins and nucleic acidpacking of these molecules into protocells:droplets with membranes that maintained an internal chemistry different from their surrondingsorigin of self replicating molecules that made inheritance possible TERM 9 Anaeronic and aerobic resperations allowed what to flourish? what is aerobic respiration DEFINITION 9 prokaryotesusing oxygen to burn fuel sources and release energy most life uses this TERM 10 define:radiometric dating DEFINITION 10 measures decay of radioactive isotopesdecay of isotopes tells how old something isit is measured in half livesradio isotopes are forms of elements that are unstable and undergo radioactive decay TERM 21 What is the end permian mass extinction "the great dying" causes? DEFINITION 21 end of paleozoic occured 251mil years agodefines boundary between paleozoic and mesozoic earskilled 96% of marine animal species70% of terrestrial speciescaused my enormous volcanic eruptionsled to big increase in atmospheric carbon dioxideoceans became acidmajor global warmingWORST EXTINCTION TERM 22 what is the end cretaceous mass extinction and causes DEFINITION 22 the dinosaur killer cause extinction of all dinosaurs except birdsthe most recent 65.5 mil years agocaused by large asteriod that struck the earth, chicxilub craterit blocked the light and disrupted global climatevaporized oceansliqufies part of crustsets all forests on fireand tsunamis flood all coast lines TERM 23 what can the fossil record tell us? what tell us how changes came about? DEFINITION 23 what the great events in the history of life have been and when they occuredcontinental drift, mass extinctions, and adaptive radiation tell us how these changes came about TERM 24 What is evo-devo DEFINITION 24 conceptual connection between evolution and developmentthings that happen during development are often cues to evolutionary history TERM 25 developmental genes are ___ genes DEFINITION 25 homeotic TERM 26 many dramatic evolutionary transformations are the results in the ___or___of developmental events DEFINITION 26 rate or timing TERM 27 define paedomorphosis DEFINITION 27 child like shapethe adult looks like juvinelle for the entire lifethe ancestral species had a larval phase and adult phase at some point in evo. the adult stage is lostex axolotl salamander TERM 28 t/f Slight changes in the relative growth of dif. body parts can change the adult for substantially DEFINITION 28 true TERM 29 whats the trade off between chimps and us DEFINITION 29 chimps have smaller cranium bigger jawswe have bigger cranium and smaller jaws TERM 30 Homeotic genes are what DEFINITION 30 called master control genes and determine basic features like where the wings fo TERM 31 profound alterations in body form can result from DEFINITION 31 changes in homeotic genes or how or when homeotic genes are expressed TERM 32 t/f In most cases complex structures evolve by increments from simpler versions with the same basic functions DEFINITION 32 true TERM 33 In the evolution of a complex structure/behavior from a simpler each step must be DEFINITION 33 advantageousincrease the organisms fitness TERM 34 Evolutionary novelties arise in a few ways which are DEFINITION 34 evolve from ancestors in a series of incremental modifications that were adaptive at each stagecan result from the gradual adaptation ofexistingstructures to new functionsstructures that evolve in one context but become co-opted for another function are called exaptations TERM 35 the fossil record seems to reveal trends in the evolution in many species but this can be a problem bc DEFINITION 35 evolution is not goal directed an the trends are illusions