Term 1: Abnormal Psychology and Mental Disorders, Quizzes of Psychology

Download Term 1: Abnormal Psychology and Mental Disorders and more Quizzes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Maladaptive Behaviors DEFINITION 1 are those that do not further the well-being of theindividual or of society TERM 2 Bizarre Behavior DEFINITION 2 is highly unusual and deviates from accepted standards in a fairly extreme fashion TERM 3 Demonology DEFINITION 3 the idea that abnormal behavior is caused by evil spiritsinhabiting the persons body TERM 4 Causes of abnormal behavior DEFINITION 4 that abnormal behavior iscaused by interactive combinations of environmental and biological factors TERM 5 Medical Model DEFINITION 5 suggeststhat psychological abnormalities, like physical ones, can be viewed as diseases TERM 6 Diseases DEFINITION 6 a patternof symptoms that consistently occur together TERM 7 Thomas Szasz DEFINITION 7 He contends that psychological disorders are not diseases. They do not involveconsistent sets of symptoms (called syndromes), they cannot be consistently diagnosed in manycases, and treatments are not specific to particular disorders TERM 8 Psycho-dynamic Model DEFINITION 8 developed by Freudabnormal behavior results from unconsciousconflicts that originate primarily in childhood and produce a variety of symptoms TERM 9 Behavioral Model DEFINITION 9 which suggests thatall behaviors, including abnormal ones, are learned. Reinforcement (reward) and observationallearning are considered to be responsible for the development of abnormal behavior patterns TERM 10 Humanistic Model DEFINITION 10 which holds that abnormal behavioris largely the result of a failure to realize potentials and of difficulties in maintaining an accurateself-concept TERM 21 Substance-Related Disorders DEFINITION 21 Axis I DisorderThese involve a pattern of abnormal use andabuse of alcohol and drugsAlcohol DependenceAlcoholismCaffeinismMarijuana AbuseCocaine Abuse TERM 22 Psychotic Disorders DEFINITION 22 Axis I DisorderPsychotic symptoms (withdrawal, cognitiveand behavioral disorganization, hallucinations,and delusions) characterize these disorders.There is a history of more than 6 months ofdeteriorationexamples:SchizophreniaDelusional DisorderShared Psychotic Disorder TERM 23 Anxiety Disorders DEFINITION 23 Axis I DisorderFeelings of apprehension, tension, or fear andsymptoms of heightened physiological arousal(butterflies in the stomach, heart palpitations)characterize these disorders.Generalized Anxiety DisorderPanic DisorderPhobiaObsessive-Compulsive DisorderPosttraumatic Stress Disorder TERM 24 Mood (Affective) Disorders DEFINITION 24 Axis I DisorderThe hallmark of these disorders is disturbedaffect (emotion). Depressive affect is mostcommon, but mania is seen in some categoriesof patients.Major DepressionDysthymiaBipolar DisorderCyclothymia TERM 25 Somatoform Disorders DEFINITION 25 Axis I DisorderThese disorders involve somatic (physical)symptoms caused by psychological functioning.Somatization DisorderConversion DisorderPain DisorderHypochondriasi TERM 26 Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders DEFINITION 26 Axis I DisorderThese are disorders of sexual identity, sexualfunctioning, sexual behavior, or gender identity(uncertainty about male/female identity)Sexual DysfunctionsParaphiliasGender Identity Disorder TERM 27 Dissociative Disorders DEFINITION 27 Axis I DisorderHere there is a sudden loss of or change inpersonal identity, memory, and consciousness.Dissociative AmnesiaDissociative FugueDissociative Identity Disorder TERM 28 Personality Disorders DEFINITION 28 Axis II disorderThese disorders involve patterns of personalitytraits that are maladaptive and longstanding.There is subjective distress or impairment offunctioning.Antisocial Personality DisorderBorderline Personality DisorderDependent Personality Disorder TERM 29 General Medical Conditions DEFINITION 29 Axis III records physical conditions or disordersfound in patients with mental disorders. Thephysical disorder may sometimes cause or affectthe mental disorder.DiabetesThyroid DysfunctionHeart Disease TERM 30 Psychological and Environmental Problems DEFINITION 30 Axis IV records negative life events, difficult livingconditions, lack of social support, and otheroutside influences that may affect diagnosis ortreatment.Recent DivorceSerious Financial ProblemsJob Loss TERM 31 Medical Students' Disease DEFINITION 31 is the common tendency forstudents in medicine or abnormal psychology to see in themselves disorders about which theyhave recently learned. TERM 32 Anxiety DEFINITION 32 a vague feeling of dread, a fear with no specific object TERM 33 Anxiety Disorders DEFINITION 33 are characterized by high levels of anxiety accompanied by patterns of ineffective,inefficient, maladaptive behaviorThose with anxiety disorders feel threatened and insecure and are typically uncertain of theirability to function effectively in the real world. They will do whatever is necessary to avoid anxiety arousing situations or will defensively engage in maladaptive behaviors. Such individuals also experience a variety of physical symptoms, ranging from chest painand rapid heartbeat to muscle tension, sweating, butterflies in the stomach, diarrhea, and headache TERM 34 Panic Disorder DEFINITION 34 marked by the occurrence of panic attackssudden, severe states of anxiety soextreme that the individual is unable to function effectively for a time period that can range fromminutes to hours. The attack is accompanied by such physical symptoms as fainting, trembling,heart palpitations, and cold sweats. Panic disorder is diagnosed when a person experiences at leastthree separate panic episodes within a three-week period, with evidence of at least four temporaryphysiological symptoms as part of the panic episodes TERM 35 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) DEFINITION 35 is characterized by persistent, uncontrollable thoughts(obsessions), and repetitive, unavoidable, ritualistic acts (compulsions) that accomplish no practical end TERM 46 Dissociative Amnesia DEFINITION 46 often called psychogenic amnesia, is a temporary loss of memoryabout ones personal characteristics and past history. The memory loss is typically selective ratherthan complete TERM 47 Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) DEFINITION 47 formerly called multiple personality disorder (MPD),is a condition in which the person has several alternative personalities. Each personality has quitedifferent characteristics, and the individual typically switches among them quite frequently TERM 48 Schizophrenia DEFINITION 48 a disorder in which the person displays reduced contact withreality, accompanied by thought disturbances that result in abnormal perceptual, motor, emotional,and social functioning.The ability to perceive environmental situations accurately and respond tothem in an adaptive way is a severely impaired. TERM 49 Clanging DEFINITION 49 refers to the juxtaposition of words that are unrelatedto each other except that they rhyme: Im fine, Stein, but Id like to dine on the Rhine. TERM 50 Neologisms DEFINITION 50 are words coined by the person or words used in a unique fashion TERM 51 Word Salad DEFINITION 51 are words coined by the person or words used in a unique fashion TERM 52 Hallucination DEFINITION 52 a perception thatoccurs when there is no actual stimulus. Although hallucinations may occur in any sense, auditoryhallucinations are by far the most common, occurring in about 75 percent of schizophrenic patients TERM 53 Flat Affect DEFINITION 53 a blunting of emotions inwhich events that would arouse considerable emotion in a normal person are discussed withoutany apparent emotional reaction at all TERM 54 Disorganized Schizophrenia DEFINITION 54 Characterized by highly inappropriate affect, often including considerablegiggling, incoherent speech, and poorly organized hallucinations and delusions. TERM 55 Catatonic Schizophrenia DEFINITION 55 Characterized by either extreme excitement and hyperactivity or extreme withdrawal and slowing of motor movement. The classic symptom of catatonia is a prolonged periodof unresponsive stupor, during which the patient may maintain unusual postures for hours orexhibit waxy flexibility, in which the body can be placed in a variety of positions and remains insuch positions for long period TERM 56 Paranoid Schizophrenia DEFINITION 56 Characterized by the presence of persecutory or grandiose delusions, which tend tobe illogical and disorganized TERM 57 Undifferentiated Schizophrenia DEFINITION 57 Diagnosed when the individual shows a mixture of symptoms that do not fitany other category. TERM 58 Residual Schizophrenia DEFINITION 58 Diagnosed when the person has previously experienced at least one episode ofschizophrenia but is presently showing no clear signs of the disorder. TERM 59 Process Schizophrenia DEFINITION 59 a disorder with agradual onset TERM 60 Reactive Schizophrenia DEFINITION 60 a disorder with very rapid onset TERM 71 Learned Helplessness DEFINITION 71 a perceivedlack of control over life events. The person has an accumulation of experiences in which actions takenhave seemed to have no effect or a negative effect on the outcomes TERM 72 Martin Seligman DEFINITION 72 Seligman has reformulated his model to provide a more complete explanation for the relationshipbetween learned helplessness and depression TERM 73 Dopamine DEFINITION 73 proposed as the possible culprit in schizophrenia.Dopamine acts as a neurotransmitter in certain parts of the brain and the principal hypothesis is that schizophrenia is the result ofexcessive levels of this brain biochemical TERM 74 Hypofrontality Syndrome DEFINITION 74 an impairment in frontal lobe functions TERM 75 Cognitive Disorders DEFINITION 75 result from structural damage to the brain or from neurochemical imbalancesand involve impairment of such processes as memory, language, thinking, and perception TERM 76 Delirium DEFINITION 76 is an acute,rapid-onset disorder of brain chemistry in which attention, perception, memory, and cognition areimpaired TERM 77 Dementia DEFINITION 77 is a chronic, progressive deterioration of brain functions. Severe, permanent disturbances in memory for recent events, abstract thinking, and emotional control are its hallmarks TERM 78 Amnestic Syndrome DEFINITION 78 commonly called amnesia. Not to be confused withdissociative amnesia, amnestic syndrome is an organic disorder that involves an inability to accessmemory for the past. It is most often associated with alcohol or barbiturate consumption and can beeither temporary or permanent.