Gender Differences: Definitions, Effect Sizes, and Theories, Quizzes of Personality Psychology

Download Gender Differences: Definitions, Effect Sizes, and Theories and more Quizzes Personality Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 gender DEFINITION 1 social interpretations of what it means to be a man or a woman TERM 2 gender stereotypes DEFINITION 2 beliefs about how men and women differ or are supposed to differ, in contrast to what the actual differences are TERM 3 history of sex differences DEFINITION 3 women are slightly better than men at verbal ability (- .11)men slightly better than women in mathematical ability (.15) and spacial ability(.73)men were more aggressive than womenFEW IN NUMBER AND TRIVIAL IN IMPORTANCE TERM 4 effect size DEFINITION 4 how large the difference actually isdstatistic.20=small difference.50=medium difference.80=large differencepositive d score indicate men score higher than women, negative d scores indicate that women score higher than men TERM 5 minimalist DEFINITION 5 those who describe sex differences as small and inconsequential1) most sec differences show small magnitudes of effect2) whatever differences do exist do not have much practical importance for behavior in everyday life TERM 6 maximalist DEFINITION 6 argue that the magnitude of sex differences iscomparableto the magnitude of many other effects in psychology and should not betrivializedsome effect sizes are small, others re large, and many are moderate TERM 7 inhibitory control DEFINITION 7 measured in childrenability to control inappropriate responses or behaviors-.41 TERM 8 perceptual sensitivity DEFINITION 8 measure in childrenthe ability to detect subtel stimuli from the environment-.38 TERM 9 surgency DEFINITION 9 measured in childrencluster including approach behavior, high activity, and impulsivity.38 TERM 10 physical aggression DEFINITION 10 measured in children (age 13)combination of low inhibitory control and high surgency.60 TERM 21 global self esteem DEFINITION 21 the level of global regard that one has for the self as a person TERM 22 differences in self esteem DEFINITION 22 .21young children .16approaching adolescence .23adolescence .33early adult .18middle age .10old age -.03 TERM 23 sexuality and mating DEFINITION 23 men have more favorableattitudestowardcasualsex .81men have moredifficultybeing just friends with the opposite sexmen are more likely to be sexually aggressiveusually just a subset of men who are narcissistic, lack empathy, and display hostile masculinity TERM 24 people things dimension DEFINITION 24 refers to the nature ofvocationalinterests. people who score toward the things end of the dimension prefer vocations that deal with impersonal objects. those scoring toward the people end of the dimension prefer social occupation TERM 25 sex differences in people things dimension DEFINITION 25 1.35 men are more likely to score at the things and women at the people TERM 26 masculinity DEFINITION 26 assertiveness, boldness, dominance, self-sufficiency andinstrumentality TERM 27 femininity DEFINITION 27 nuturnace, expression of emotions, and empathy TERM 28 androgynous DEFINITION 28 a single person could possess both masculine and feminine characteristics TERM 29 instrumentality DEFINITION 29 personality traits that involve working with objects, getting tasks complete in a direct fashion, showing independence fromothers, and displaying self-sufficiency TERM 30 expressiveness DEFINITION 30 the ease with which one can express emotions, such as crying, showing empathy for the troubles of others, and showing nurturance to those in need. TERM 31 gender schemata DEFINITION 31 cognitive orientations that lead individuals to process social information on the basis of sex-linked associations.according to this conception, the ideal is not to be androgynous but rather to be gender-aschematic. that is the ideal is not to use gender at all in one's processing of social information TERM 32 gender stereotypes DEFINITION 32 1) cognitive component (the way we categorize)2) affectivecomponent(the way you feel)3) behavioral component (the way you act) TERM 33 socialization theory DEFINITION 33 notion that boys and girls become different because boys are reinforced by parent, teachers, and the media for being "masculine" and girls for being "feminine".most widely held theory of sex differences. TERM 34 social learning theory DEFINITION 34 banduraboys and girls also learn by observing the behaviors ofothersof their own sex TERM 35 studies of socialization DEFINITION 35 mother and fathers encourage dependency more in girls than in boys. fathers engage in more physical play with their sons. parents provided "gendered toys" to their children. girls are assigned more domestic chores