Sleep Disorders: Understanding the Impact of Insufficient Sleep and Common Disorders, Study notes of Abnormal Psychology

Download Sleep Disorders: Understanding the Impact of Insufficient Sleep and Common Disorders and more Study notes Abnormal Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! Sleep Disorders Chapter 16 1. Overview a. Not obtaining adequate levels of sleep can be detrimental to health b. Example: Medical interns working 24 shifts, 80+ hour work week i. 5.6 times as many diagnostic errors ii. 17.1 times as many medication errors 2. Sleep a. Reduced motor activity b. Decreased response to stimulation c. Stereotypic postures (lying down with eyes closed) d. Easy reversibility (we can wake up) 3. Stages of Sleep a. Stage 1: transition from wakefulness b. Stage 2: transition into deep sleep c. Stage 3: brain slows down d. Stage 4: deep sleep e. REM: Rapid Eye Movements i. When we dream ii. Brain is wide awake iii. Body is paralyzed 4. Sleeping at night a. Adults begin sleep by progressing through stages 1-4 (70-80 minutes) b. Return to stages 2-3 and then enters REM for the first time in night for (5- 10 minutes) c. Cycle is repeated 4-6 times d. After each cycle stages 3-4 decrease while REM increases 5. Types of Sleep Disorders a. Two types of sleep disorders i. Inability falling/maintain sleep ii. Excessive sleepiness during day 6. Dyssomnia a. Dyssomnia: difficulty getting to sleep or maintaining sleep, or excessive sleepiness throughout day i. Insomnia ii. Hypersomnia iii. Narcolepsy iv. Breathing related sleep disorder v. Circadian Rhythm sleep disorder vi. Dyssomnia NOS b. Primary Insomnia i. Primary Insomnia: difficulty getting to sleep, maintaining sleep, or having nonrestorative sleep for one month, which causes distress 1. Results from worry, anxiety, caffeine intake, alcohol intake, changes in sleep habits (napping during the day), heavy meals, exercise ii. Primary Hypersomnia: excessive daytime sleepiness or prolonged night time sleep that causes distress 1. Irresistible urge to nap during day but *gains no relief from sleepiness 2. Wake up feeling “unrefreshed” c. Narcolepsy i. Narcolepsy: sleep disorder with no known cause and is characterized by overwhelming need for sleep in the daytime even if adequate sleep is obtained at night 1. *Falling asleep becomes irresistible and comes on without warning ii. 3 subtypes of Narcolepsy 1. Cataplexy: sudden loss of muscle function a. Ranges from severe weakness, loss of/slurred speech, double vision b. Often brought on my emotion (surprise/anxiety) 2. Sleep paralysis: inability to move during wakefulness a. Usually brief but can last minutes 3. Hypnogogic hallucinations: vivid dreamlike experiences that occur just before falling asleep 4. http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=- 8456738387760579377&q=narcolepsy 5. http://video.google.com/videoplay? docid=2204446853653695027 d. Breathing Related Sleep Disorder i. Breathing related sleep disorder: excessive sleepiness caused by sleep disruption due to abnormalities in breathing ii. Oxygen goes below normal levels e. Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder i. Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder: sleep cycle disruption due to changes in melatonin. Here, our “internal clock” is mismatched between current needs and environment 1. Melatonin: hormone that regulates internal clock. “Set” by light. Hormone increases with darkness and causing drowsiness a. Example: jet lag 7. Parasomnia i. Parasomnia: involve the activation of behavioral or physiological systems at inappropriate times 1. Nightmare disorder 2. Sleep terror disorder 3. Sleepwalking 4. Parasomonias NOS ii. Nightmare disorder: dreams with themes of danger that are frightening enough to produce awaking and difficulty going back to sleep 1. More common in children 2. Person often remembers dream 3. *Occurs during REM iii. Sleep terror disorder: vivid nightmare during deep sleep 1. Associated with screams 2. Individual is often inconsolable 3. In deep sleep a. **Even they may be talking (or screaming) they are deep asleep b. **No memory of episode iv. Sleepwalking: motor activity that ranges from sitting up to walking about when still asleep. 8. Etiology a. Anxiety, worry, depression