Understanding Personality Disorders: Definitions, Types, and Diagnosis, Quizzes of Personality Psychology

Download Understanding Personality Disorders: Definitions, Types, and Diagnosis and more Quizzes Personality Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Building Blocks of Personality Disorders DEFINITION 1 Personality TraitsMotivationCognitionEmotionSelf-concept, self-esteemSocial Relationships- empathyBiology TERM 2 Psychological Disorder DEFINITION 2 A pattern of behavior or experience that is distressing and painful to the person, that leads to disability or impairment in important life domains (work, marriage or relationship difficulties), and that is associated with increased risk for further suffering, loss offunction, death or confinement TERM 3 Abnormal Psychology DEFINITION 3 the study of the various mental disorders, including thought disorders, emotional disorders, and personality disorders. TERM 4 Psychopathology DEFINITION 4 the study of mental disorders TERM 5 Diagnosing Disorders DEFINITION 5 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisordersDSM-IV TERM 6 Personality Disorder DEFINITION 6 an enduring pattern of experience and behavior that differs greatly from the expectations of the individual's culture.If a trait becomes maladaptive and inflexible and causes significant impairment or distressManifest in more than one of the following areas: in how people think, in how they feel, in how they get along with others, or in their ability to control their own behavior. The patter is rigid and isdisplacedacross a variety of situations, leading to distress or problems in important areas in life, such as at work or in relationships.To be classes as a disorder, the pattern must not result from drug abuse, medication, or a medical condition. TERM 7 Categorical View DEFINITION 7 The dominant approach in psychiatry and clinical psychology today.A person is either diagnosed with the disorder or is not.Holds that there is a qualitative break between people who are disordered and people who are not TERM 8 Dimensional View DEFINITION 8 Each disorder is seen as a continuum, ranging from normality at one end to severe disability or disturbance at the other. According to this view, people with and without the disorder differ in degree onlyMore research supports this theory TERM 9 The Effect of Context DEFINITION 9 A person's social, cultural, and ethnic background must be taken into account whenever there is a question about personality disorders.New immigrants sometimes display antisocial behaviorsAge is also relevant. Adolescents go through periods of instability.Adults who undergo severe loss sometimes undergo periods of instability or impulsive behaviorCertain disorders are more frequently diagnosed in one gender than the other TERM 10 The Erratic Cluster: Ways of Being Unpredictable, Violent, or Emotional DEFINITION 10 Tend to have trouble with emotional control and to have specific difficulties getting along with others. People with one of these disorders often appear dramatic and emotional and are unpredictable.Antisocial, borderline,histrionic, and narcissistic TERM 21 Neurotic Paradox DEFINITION 21 Although a behavior pattern successfully solves one problem for the person, it may create or maintain another equally or more severe problem TERM 22 Avoidant Personality Disorder DEFINITION 22 Pervasive feeling of inadequacy and sensitivity to criticism from others. Avoidant persons will go to greatlengthsto avoid situations in which others may have opportunities to criticize theirperformanceor character. The main reason for this anxiety about performance is an extreme fear of criticism or rejection from others.May restrict activities, cope with anxiety by avoiding the risks of everyday social life, low self-esteem TERM 23 Dependent Personality Disorder DEFINITION 23 An excessive need to be taken care of, to be nurtured, coddled, and told what to do. Dependent persons act in submissive ways, so as to encourage others to take care of them or take charge of the situation.Seeks out reassurance from others, rarely takes initiative, avoid disagreements with those on whom they are dependent, may not work well independently, may tolerate extreme circumstances to obtainreassuranceand support from others. TERM 24 Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder DEFINITION 24 The obsessive-compulsive person is preoccupied with order and strives to be perfectAttention to details, fondness for rules, rituals, schedules, and procedures, hold very high standards for themselves, may work so hard at being perfect that they are never satisfied with their work, devotion to work at the expense of leisure and friendships, appear inflexible with regard to ethics and morals, highly conscientious, preference to hang on to worn-out or useless things, miserly or stingy, stubborn TERM 25 Prevalence DEFINITION 25 Total number of cases that are present within a given population during a particular period of time.OCPD is most common (4%); Schizotypal, histrionic, dependent (2%); least common isnarcissistic(.02%)The total prevalence of having a disorder is about 13% TERM 26 Differential Diagnosis DEFINITION 26 out of two or more possible diagnoses, the clinician searches for evidence in support of one diagnostic category over all the others TERM 27 Gender Differences DEFINITION 27 Overall prevalence is fairly equal in men and women.Antisocial 4.5% in men .08% in womenBorderline and dependent may be somewhat more common in women than men, thought the evidence is not strong.Paranoid and OCPD may be more common in men than women, but the difference is not large.Oneimportantissueconcernsgender biases in diagnoses TERM 28 Causes of Personality disorders DEFINITION 28 Persons who suffer with borderline personality disorder experienced poor attachment relationships in childhood.Many borderline persons were the target of sexual abuse in childhoodSchizotypal personality disorder- geneticsPrevalence for paranoid andAvoidantpersonality disorder were also elevated among the relatives of the schizophrenia patients, suggesting that these disorders may be genetically related toschizophreniamany antisocial persons were themselves abuse and victimized as children. A high proportion of antisocial persons also abuse multiple illegal drugs or alcohol.There are also clearfamilialtrends suggesting that antisocial personality disorder is due, in part, to genetic causes.