Role of Verbal & Nonverbal Messages in Effective Communication, Schemes and Mind Maps of Communication

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Chapter 2 ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION Communication  (Journal)       How  often  have  you  thought  you  explained   something  well  only  to  discover  that  your   friend  did  not  understand?       What  silly  conversational  mistakes  have   caused  some  serious  misunderstandings  in   your  life?       Can  you  identify  exactly  why  the  problems   happened   Idiomatic  expressions     Cannot  really  derived  from  literal  meaning  of   the  words     Examples:     “Keep  tabs  on”     “Take  a  walk”     “Beat  the  clock”     “Bite  the  dust”     “Pull  a  fast  one”     “Raise  the  roof”   Who  might  understand  the   meaning  of  these  statements?     “Whisk  vinegar,  olive  oil,  and  shallots   together”     “Write  an  equation  for  each  problem”     “Use  a  clove  hitch  a  tie  and  line  to  the  piling”     “Click  a  start  button  in  Windows  Vista”     “The  switch-­‐hitter  is  5  to  21  with  three  home   runs”     “The  next  five  measures  are  andante”   Predict  what  problems   someone  might  have  in   understanding  the  following   statements:     “Don’t  have  a  cow,  man.”     “Quit  acting  like  a  wannabe.”     “Take  the  scoop  up  and  attach  it  to  the   batten.”   Meanings     Denotative:  definitions  found  in  dictionary     Connotative:  an  emotional  or  personal   response  (positive  or  negative)  to  a  word     For  example:       Most  people  would  have  positive  emotional   responses  to  the  words  home,  peaceful,  cozy,  and   friend  and  negative  responses  to  the  words  liar,   anxious,  filthy  and  terrorist.     Changes  in  Language     Language  changes  constantly     Old  words  may  disappear  entirely  or  their   meanings  may  change     Example:       The  word  “clepe”  meaning  “to  call”    or  “name”  has   disappeared  from  ordinary  use.     The  word  “score”  dates  from  the  14th  century,  and   one  early  definition  of  the  word  is  “twenty”       Who  used  the  word  “score”  in  one  of  his  famous   speech?   Slang     Informal  language     It  is  unique  to  a  particular  group     These  word  change  often     Used  in  informal  conversations     Within  a  certain  age  groups     Most  often  understood  by  small  number  of   people   Appearance     We  probably  make  quick  first  judgment  about   others  based  on  appearance     Who  would  you  ask  for  directions  if  you  are   lost?       How  we  dress,  hairstyle,  use  make  up  and     decorations  send  message     Facial  Expression  &  Eye   Contact     Smiles  or  frowns  tells  others  a  great  deal   about  how  a  person  is  feeling     It  reveals  quickly  that  a  person  is  angry,   happy,  frustrated  or  nervous     People  believe  eyes  are  the  most  expressive   part  of  the  body     Read  feelings  such  as  anger,  surprise  or   delight     “The  eyes  are  the  windows  to  the  soul”   Posture,  Walk  &  Gestures   Space,  Time  and  Place     Contextual  clues     Bubble     Rushed     Privacy     Setting  shape  the  way  you  communicate   Speaking  Non-­‐Verbally   1.  Handout  for  Pantomime   2.  Read  the  handout  carefully   3.  The  Pantomime  speeches  are  due   Feelings     You  depend  heavily  on  nonverbal  messages   to  understand  feelings  and  attitudes.       Good  communicators  learn  to  read  nonverbal   cues  rather  than  relying  only  on  the  verbal   message      so  much  is  communicated  nonverbally.     actions  speak  louder  than  words.   Perception     The  process  of  giving  information  you  learn   through  your  five  senses  is  called   perception.       It  involves  two  steps:     1.   Something  affects  your  senses.  (You  see,   hear,  taste,  smell,  or  touch  something)   2.    You  interpret  and  explain  the  sensation  to   yourself.  (You  give  meaning  to  what  you   are  seeing,  hearing,  tasting,  smelling,  or   touching)   Perception     The  meaning  of  a  message  tends  to  change   as  it  moves  from  person  to  person.       This  explains  many  misunderstandings  and   conflicts  that  interfere  with  communication.     The  meanings  change  because  the   perception  process  can  vary  with  the   individual.   Physical  Difference     Most  people  have  the  use  of  all  their  senses,   they  may  have  very  different  abilities.       Far  or  near  sightedness     Variant  hearing     Such  physical  problems  may  affect  a  person   ability  to  take  in  information  through  his  or   her  senses.   Channel  of  Communication     People  need  a  way  to  send  and  receive  their   messages.     All  messages  are  sent  through  a  channel  that   uses  the  human  senses.       It  is  a  means  by  which  a  message  is   transmitted.       Like  a  television  set  or  a  radio,  you  have   many  channels  and  can  switch  them  at  will.     Channels  of  Communication     People  tend  to  place  greater  importance  on   one  channel  than  on  another.     Tone  of  voice     Facial  expressions     Sight     Movement     touch   Noise     When  a  person  has  trouble  understanding  a   message,  there  is  said  to  be  “noise  in  the   channel.”       Noise  is  anything  that  interferes  with  a   listeners’  ability  to  receive  a  message.       Internal       External   Noise  in  the  channel  can  lead  to  faulty  perception   and  misunderstanding.   Self-­‐Feedback     Self-­‐feedback  is  the  message  you  give   yourself  as  you  pay  attention  to  your  own   behavior.     Communication  goes  smoothly  when   speakers  and  listeners  pay  attention  to   feedback.       Without  feedback,  speakers  and  listeners   would  not  be  able  to  adapt  to  each  other.   Context    -­‐    Context  is  the  setting  and  people  that   surround  a  message.       It  provides  the  background  that  helps  reveal   the  message’s  real  meaning.     Setting  is  first  part  of  context.       It  involves  time,  place  and  occasion