Download Neuroanatomy and Neurotransmission: A Glossary of Terms and more Quizzes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Individual cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate, and transmit information DEFINITION 1 Neurons TERM 2 cells found throughout the nervous system that provide various types of support for neurons DEFINITION 2 glia TERM 3 Soma DEFINITION 3 Cell body; contains the cell nucleus and much of the chemical machinery common to most cells TERM 4 Dendrite DEFINITION 4 the parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information TERM 5 Axon DEFINITION 5 a long, thin fiber that transmits signals away from the soma to other neurons or to muscles or glands TERM 6 Myelin Sheath DEFINITION 6 insulating material secreted by schwann cells that encases some axons TERM 7 Terminal Buttons DEFINITION 7 small knobs that secrete chemicals called neurotransmitters TERM 8 Synapse DEFINITION 8 a junction where information is transmitted form one neuron to another TERM 9 Neurotransmitter DEFINITION 9 chemicals that transmit information from one neuron to another TERM 10 Action Potential DEFINITION 10 a very breif shift in a neuron's electrical charge that travels along an axon. This is the point at which the charges inside and outside the neuron are temporarily reversed so that an axon has a positive charge on the inside and a negative charge on the outside. The change in charge is caused by the rapid influx of sodium into the cell. TERM 21 Efferent Neurons DEFINITION 21 Carry information away from the CNS, to the PNS TERM 22 Somatic Nervous System DEFINITION 22 made up of nerves that connect to voluntary skeletal muscles and to sensory receptors. Major division: afferent and efferent neurons TERM 23 Autonomic Nervous System DEFINITION 23 made up of nerves that connect to the heart, blood vessels, smooth muscles, and glands. Controls mainly unconscious functions by the CNS TERM 24 Sympathetic Division (ANS) DEFINITION 24 mobilizes the body's resources for emergencies TERM 25 Parasympathetic Division (ANS) DEFINITION 25 conserves bodily resources TERM 26 3 divisions of the brain DEFINITION 26 1. Hindbrain 2. Midbrain 3. Forebrain TERM 27 Spinal Cord DEFINITION 27 handles simple reflexes carries information to and from the CNS and PNS TERM 28 Sensing, thinking, learning, emotion, consciousness, and voluntary movement DEFINITION 28 Cerebrum TERM 29 part of the limbic system involved in emotion and aggression DEFINITION 29 Amygdala TERM 30 Regulates basic biological needs: hunger, thirst, temperature control DEFINITION 30 Hypothalamus TERM 31 "Master Gland" that regulates other endocrine glands DEFINITION 31 Pituitary Gland TERM 32 Part of the limbic system involved in learning and memory DEFINITION 32 Hippocampus TERM 33 involved in sleep and arousal DEFINITION 33 Pons TERM 34 Regulates largely unconscious functions such as breathing and circulation DEFINITION 34 Medulla TERM 35 transmits information b/w brain and body; simple reflexes DEFINITION 35 Spinal Cord
