Neuroanatomy and Neurotransmission: A Comprehensive Glossary, Quizzes of Psychology

Download Neuroanatomy and Neurotransmission: A Comprehensive Glossary and more Quizzes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 glia DEFINITION 1 "glue" of the brain; brain cellhas many functions such as nourishing neurons, removing wastes, and insulating axons TERM 2 Oligodendrocytes (CNS) and Shwann cells (PNS) DEFINITION 2 CNS: one cell can create several segments of myelin sheath and cover more than one axon; provide support and insulate the axonsPNS: one cell creates only one segment of myelin sheath for only one axon TERM 3 microglia DEFINITION 3 glia cell that functions as part of the immune system, removes waste products and invaders such as bacteria and viruses TERM 4 radial glia DEFINITION 4 glial cells that guides migration and growth of immature neurons TERM 5 neuron DEFINITION 5 individual cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate, and transmit informationdifferent shapes have different functions TERM 6 dendrites and dendritic spines DEFINITION 6 parts of the neuron that receive information TERM 7 soma DEFINITION 7 the cell body of the neuron that contains the cell nucleus and much of the chemical machinery common to most cellse.g., organelles like mitochondrianucleus with genetic material TERM 8 terminal buttons DEFINITION 8 small knobs on neuron that secrete chemicals called neurotransmitters TERM 9 action potential DEFINITION 9 a very brief shift in a neuron's electrical charge that travels along an axonboth chemical and electrical neural signal TERM 10 neurotransmitters DEFINITION 10 chemicals that transmit signals from a neuron to a target cell across a synapse TERM 21 reticular formation DEFINITION 21 part of hindbrainvery bottom of the medulla to the very top of the midbraingroup of fibers that carry stimulation related to sleep and arousal through brainstem TERM 22 superior colliculi DEFINITION 22 part of midbrainvisual information TERM 23 inferior colliculi DEFINITION 23 part of midbrainauditory information TERM 24 corpus callosum DEFINITION 24 part of forebrainbridge of fibers passing information between left and right hemispheres TERM 25 thalamus DEFINITION 25 part of forebrainall sensory information (except smell goes to primary cortex) must pass to get to the cerebral cortexcomposed of different clusters of neurons TERM 26 hypothalamus DEFINITION 26 part of forebrain4 Fs (fight, fleeing, feeding, fucking), motivated behaviorsnot a unitary structure, composed of different clusters of neuronscontrols the pituitary TERM 27 limbic system DEFINITION 27 network of differen brain structures: thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, and some other nearby structuresprocesses emotional information; motivation and emotion TERM 28 cerebrum DEFINITION 28 responsible for sensing, thinking, learning, emotion, consciousness, and voluntary movement TERM 29 pituitary gland DEFINITION 29 "master gland" that regulates other endocrine glands TERM 30 spinal cord DEFINITION 30 responsible for transmitting information between brain and rest of the body; handles simple reflexes TERM 31 cerebral cortex DEFINITION 31 largest part of brainwhere higher mental functions are doneconsists of 4 lobes: occipital, temporal, parietal, and frontalsulcus: a groovegyri: a bump or ridge of the brainfissure: a very deep groove in the brain TERM 32 frontal lobe DEFINITION 32 involved with the movement of the body TERM 33 temporal lobe DEFINITION 33 involved with hearing TERM 34 parietal lobe DEFINITION 34 involved with touch TERM 35 occipital lobe DEFINITION 35 involved with vision