Term 1: Key Concepts in Criminology and Criminal Justice Theory, Quizzes of Criminology

Download Term 1: Key Concepts in Criminology and Criminal Justice Theory and more Quizzes Criminology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 born criminal DEFINITION 1 cesare lombroso's theory that physical attributes are associated with, or even cause, criminal behavior TERM 2 classical criminology DEFINITION 2 a criminology based on both free will and determinism and whose chief aim was to deter crime.it was part of the humanist reaction during the enlightenment to the barbarities an inequities characteristic of feudal systems of justice.it was popularized by cesare beccaria and jeremy bentham. TERM 3 dangerous classes DEFINITION 3 a 19th century term applied by law- abiding citizens to describe those members of the working class, the unemployed, the unemployable who seemed to pose a threat on law and order. TERM 4 deterrence theory DEFINITION 4 based on the image of criminals as rational, calculating actors, this theory looks for ways to persuade potential criminals to desist from their illegalities. TERM 5 enlightenment DEFINITION 5 a philosophical and humanist eighteenth century movement professing that reason and experience, rather than faith and superstition must replace the excess and corruption of feudal societies. it opposed cruel and inhumane punishment and challenged the prevailing views of the time concerning the relation between crime and punishment. TERM 6 eugenics DEFINITION 6 the "science" of good genes and the basis of the eugenics movement,which argued that socially useful citizens should be encouraged to have children and the socially and medical unfit should be isolated or forcibly prevented from breeding. TERM 7 before enlightenment DEFINITION 7 spiritual explanations for delinquent behavior. approached to crime:-torture, executions, exorcism, trepanning TERM 8 positivist criminology DEFINITION 8 the second great theoretical movement in modern criminology, its method of analysis is based on the collection of observable scientific facts, and its aim to uncover, explain and to predict the ways in which the observable facts of crime occur in uniform patterns. TERM 9 classical criminology DEFINITION 9 a criminology based on both free will and determinism and whose chief aim was to deter crime.it was part of the humanist reaction during the enlightenment to the barbarities an inequities characteristic of feudal systems of justice.it was popularized by cesare beccaria and jeremy bentham. TERM 10 neoclassical criminology DEFINITION 10 the doctrinal and procedural compromise between classicism and positivism, devised roughly between 1890 and 1910, that has become the basis of criminal responsibility and punishment in most western societies. TERM 21 positivist basic beliefs DEFINITION 21 the world is external and objective the observer is independent science is value-free phrenology TERM 22 positivist approach DEFINITION 22 focuses on criminals and causes of crime human actions are deterministic criminal actions are caused by outside forces punish should fit the crriminal TERM 23 phrenology DEFINITION 23 biological explanations of behavior TERM 24 quetelet's 3 causes of crime DEFINITION 24 accidental causes (war, natural disasters) variable causes(free will, personality) constant causes (religion, age, gender) TERM 25 quetelet DEFINITION 25 social mechanics criminal behavior in the formal structure of causality society causes crime biological defects causes crime opened the door for biological experimentation TERM 26 Quetelet placed criminal behavior in a formal structure of _____? DEFINITION 26 causality TERM 27 lombroso DEFINITION 27 born criminal science over superstition drew connections of physical features to behavior TERM 28 ectomorph DEFINITION 28 tall thin does not gain weight easilyexto (weight outside) TERM 29 endomorph DEFINITION 29 round bulbous does not loose weight easilyendo(weight inside) TERM 30 mesomorph DEFINITION 30 squared features muscular little body fat TERM 31 goring's analysis DEFINITION 31 used innovative statistical analysis comparison groups general analysis of physical atributes adverse environmental conditions TERM 32 goring's conclusion DEFINITION 32 criminals were physically inferior easy to be caught refuted lombrosos criminal born man TERM 33 according to goring... biological and social factors operate _____ DEFINITION 33 independently TERM 34 rational choice DEFINITION 34 alleged basis of all calculated human action, including crime that operates in some of the ways as free will in theology. TERM 35 social mechanics DEFINITION 35 a 19th century discourse based on such social characteristics as class, gender, race and age.