Computer Storage and Networking Terms: A Comprehensive Guide, Quizzes of Information Technology

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TERM 1 Infrastructure DEFINITION 1 the Interconnection of basic facilities and services enabling the area to function properly TERM 2 Input Devices DEFINITION 2 Used to enter information about a computer Ex: Keyboards (Traditional, Ergonomic, and Virtual) TERM 3 Processing Devices DEFINITION 3 Transform inputs to outputs TERM 4 Ouput Devices DEFINITION 4 Deliver info to users in a usable format Ex: Cathode Ray Tube CRT, Liquid Crystal Display LCD, Projectors TERM 5 Binary Code DEFINITION 5 Bits are the individual 1's and 0's Bytes are 8 bits, or one typed character Bits are translated to bytes using ASCII TERM 6 Central Processing Unit DEFINITION 6 (CPU) Brain of computer AKA microprocessor, processor, chip responsible for all of the computer's operations TERM 7 Arithmetic Logic Unit DEFINITION 7 (ALU) part of the central processing unit that performs math and logic operations TERM 8 Control Unit DEFINITION 8 part of the central processing unit that fetches and decodes program instructions. It also stores and retrieves data. TERM 9 Elements of Computer Storage DEFINITION 9 Bye=1 KB kilobyte=1 thousand MB megabyte=1 million GB gigabyte=1 billion TB terabyte=1 trillion TERM 10 Moore's Law DEFINITION 10 processing speed and performance doubles every 18 months TERM 21 Types of Interfaces DEFINITION 21 Command-based Interface Ex: Linux Graphical user interface GUI Ex: Windows Vista, Mac OSX Menu interface--gives list of options TERM 22 Grid Computing DEFINITION 22 combines computing power of a large number of smaller, independent, networked computers tasks are broken up into smaller chunks TERM 23 Edge Computing DEFINITION 23 multiple small servers located closer to individual users saves bandwidth, and decreases access time TERM 24 Green Computing DEFINITION 24 used by large organizations with significant computing needs. Computers are used more efficiently with virutalization TERM 25 Systems Software DEFINITION 25 controls the basic operations of computer hardware Functions include: booting, reading programs to memory, managing storage, maintaining directory structure, formatting disks, controlling the monitor, and sending documents to the printer TERM 26 Operating system DEFINITION 26 coordinates peripherals, application software and users performs day-to-day operations, written in assembly language TERM 27 Application Software DEFINITION 27 used to perform specific user tasks, like writing a business letter or processing payroll 2 types: Customized (proprietary) software--specifically developed Commercial software-- purchased off the shelf TERM 28 Open Source Software DEFINITION 28 was aided by advent of Internet source code is freely available for use and modification Linux is used in everything from refridgerators, personal computers, and supercomputers TERM 29 Open Source Application Software DEFINITION 29 Ex: Apache, Firefox, OpenOffice Drawback: its hard to find customer support TERM 30 Application Service Provider DEFINITION 30 provide on-demand software access over the web TERM 31 Computer Networking DEFINITION 31 sharing of info and services comparable to human communication TERM 32 Communication Components DEFINITION 32 1. senders and recievers with something to share 2. a transmission medium to send the message 3. protocols (rules) dictating communication TERM 33 Networking Fundamentals DEFINITION 33 3 roles: Servers, Clients, and Peers TERM 34 Servers DEFINITION 34 only provide services they have advanced microprocessors, more memory, and a larger cache TERM 35 Client DEFINITION 35 Request services for the server TERM 46 Web browser DEFINITION 46 software application used to locate and display web pages TERM 47 VoIP DEFINITION 47 Voice over IP use of Internet for placing telephone calls Videoconferencing over IP--use of Internet to send video data TERM 48 Database DEFINITION 48 collection of related data organized in a way to facilitate searches TERM 49 Entity DEFINITION 49 something you collect data about TERM 50 Record DEFINITION 50 contains data about a single entity --like a catalog card TERM 51 Attribute DEFINITION 51 specific characteristic descibing the entity TERM 52 Database Administrator DEFINITION 52 Responsible for development and management of databases TERM 53 Form DEFINITION 53 used to enter data in a record Field in Form = Attribute in Record TERM 54 Query DEFINITION 54 Used to retrieve info SQL Structured Query Language is language of queries TERM 55 Query by Example DEFINITION 55 uses drag and drop features to construct a sample of the data we would like to see TERM 56 Report DEFINITION 56 Compliation of data from the database TERM 57 Report Generators DEFINITION 57 retrieve, manipulate and display data TERM 58 Data Warehouse DEFINITION 58 Integration of multiple large databases and other information sources into a single repository --pull together, integrate, ans share critical corporate data throughout the firm TERM 59 Data Mart DEFINITION 59 Data Warehouse that is limited in scope --customized for the decision support applications of a particular end-user group TERM 60 Pointing and Selecting Devices DEFINITION 60 Mouse, light pen, touch pad and screen, joystick, eye- tracking device TERM 71 5 generations of Programming Language DEFINITION 71 1. binary machine language 2. symbolic languages-- neumonic code 3. procedural english like words 4. outcome oriented 5. natural languages--English TERM 72 Centralized Computing DEFINITION 72 central computer (mainframe) not a true network--no info is shared TERM 73 Distributed Computing DEFINITION 73 separate computers work on subsets of tasks results are pooled through a network TERM 74 Collaborative Computing DEFINITION 74 Synergistic form of distributed computing, meaning two or more computers are working on a common tasks TERM 75 PBX DEFINITION 75 private branch exchange network based on telephone lines serving a particular location TERM 76 LAN DEFINITION 76 local area network spans relatively small area (one building) where computers share info and peripheral devices WLAN-- wireless LAN TERM 77 WAN DEFINITION 77 wide area network spans large area and connects multiple LANs 4 types 1. metropolitan area networks MAN--cities 2. enterprise networks--connect organizations LANs 3. value added networks VAN--managed by 3rd party 4. global networks--Internet TERM 78 PAN DEFINITION 78 personal area network exchanges data between computing devices short range radio communication Ex: Bluetooth TERM 79 Network Services DEFINITION 79 1. File Services--store, retrieve, and move data files 2. Print Services--control and manage access to printers 3. Message Services--store, access and deliver data 4. Application Services--run software for network clients, and enable computers to share processing power TERM 80 Network Topologies DEFINITION 80 Shape of the network star, ring, bus, mesh TERM 81 Modems DEFINITION 81 Modulator/Demodulator enables transmission over telephone lines digital signal is converted to analog signal TERM 82 Router DEFINITION 82 backbone of the internet connects 2 or more individual networks TERM 83 Associations DEFINITION 83 AKA relationship used to relate info between tables one-to- one one-to-many many-to-many TERM 84 Entity Relationship Diagram DEFINITION 84 used to show relationship between entities TERM 85 Relational Model DEFINITION 85 primary DBMS approach entities=tables record=rows attributes=columns