Chemistry Terms: Solutions, Electrolytes, Acids, Bases, and Reactions, Quizzes of Physical Chemistry

Download Chemistry Terms: Solutions, Electrolytes, Acids, Bases, and Reactions and more Quizzes Physical Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 solution DEFINITION 1 a homogeneous mixture if two or more substances*may be gaseous, solid, or liquid TERM 2 solvent DEFINITION 2 a liquid in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution*usually the substance present in the largest amount**water** TERM 3 solute DEFINITION 3 the minor component in a solution, dissolved by the solvent TERM 4 electrolyte DEFINITION 4 a substance that dissolves in water to yield a solution that conducts electricity TERM 5 non electrolyte DEFINITION 5 a substance that dissolves in water to yield a solution that does notconduct electricity*think non-electric TERM 6 what is the difference between an aqueous solution that conducts electricity and one that does not? DEFINITION 6 the presence or absence of ions*it is the presence of ions that allows the solution of sodium chloride to conduct electricity sodium chloride is an electrolyte sucrose is a non-electrolyte NaCl (s) --H2O--> Na+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) TERM 7 dissociation DEFINITION 7 the process by which an ionic compound, upon dissolution, breaks apart into its constituent ions TERM 8 ionization DEFINITION 8 the process by which a molecular compound forms ions when it dissolves TERM 9 acids DEFINITION 9 compounds that dissolve in water to produce hydrogen ions (H+)*Ex. Hydrochloric acid ionizes to produce hydrogen ion and chloride ions.HCL (g) --H2O--> H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) TERM 10 base DEFINITION 10 compound that dissolves in water to produce hydrooxide ions (OH-)*Ex. Ammonia ionizes in water to produce ammonium and hydroxide ions.NH3 (g) + H2O (l) <==> NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq) TERM 21 double replacement reactions DEFINITION 21 reactions in which compounds exchange ions*Ex. Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + 2NaI (aq) ----> 2NaNO3 (aq) + PbI2 (s) TERM 22 molecular equation DEFINITION 22 a chemical equation written with all compounds represented by their chemical formulas TERM 23 how do you determine if a precipitate will form during a reaction? DEFINITION 23 we do this by using the solubility guidelines for ionic compoundsTable 4.2 and 4.3 TERM 24 ionic equation DEFINITION 24 a chemical equation in which any compound that exists completely or predominately as ions in solution is represented by those ions. species that are insoluble or that exist in the solution completely or predominately as molecules are represented by their chemical formulas (like they were in molecular equation) TERM 25 spectator ions DEFINITION 25 ions that appear on both sides of the equation arrow called spectator ions because they do not participate in the reaction cancel one another out, so you do not need to show spectator ions in chemical equations TERM 26 net ionic equation DEFINITION 26 a chemical equation that includes only the species that are actually involved in the reaction tell us what actually happens when we combine solutions TERM 27 what if both products of a reaction are strong electrolytes? DEFINITION 27 if both products of a reaction are strong electrolytes, all the ions in solution are spectator ions.