Download Chapter 4 Study Guide – Psychology | and more Study notes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! Chapter Four I. Circadian Rhythm A. Influence of Circadian Rhythms 1. Circadian timing system is involved in the 24 hour variation of virtually every physiological and psychological variable B. Researchers have studied C. Suprachiasmatic nucleus-biological clock that controls circadian rhythms 1. Environmental cues 2. Dusk-melatonin 3. Body temperature D. Disruptions in Circadian rhythms 1. Jet lag 2. Light mask II. Sleep A. NREM sleep and REM sleep 1. Non rapid eye movement a. Heart rate and respiration slow and regular b. Blood pressure and brain activity at lowest point for 24 hour period c. Stage 1-4 sleep 2. Rapid eye movement sleep a. 20 to 25% of normal night’s sleep b. Brain metabolism increases c. Epinephrine released d. Arms, legs, trunk paralyzed 3. REM rebound a. When someone misses REM sleep, they get more the next time they sleep b. Alcohol, cocaine, amphetamines, and LSD suppress REM III. Meditation and Hypnosis A. Meditation 1. Concentration on an object, breathing, or other physical sensation to the point there are no distractions 2. Imposes an altered state of consciousness 3. Prayer B. Hypnosis p 120 1. Sociocognitive theory of hypnosis- behavior of subject is due to their expectations 2. Neodissociation theory of hypnosis- dissociation between two aspects of the control of consciousness: the planning function and the monitoring function 3. Theory of dissociated control-hypnosis weakens control of the executive function over the other parts of consciousness IV. Psychoactive drugs A. Psychoactive drug is any substance that alters mood perception or thought B. How drugs affect the brain 1. Pleasure brought about through increases in dopamine in limbic system (nucleus a cumbers) 2. Different drugs act on the brain differently p 122 C. Substance Abuse 1. Continued use of drugs or alcohol after negative consequences 2. Factors a. Genetics b. Peer influence D. Drug dependence 1. Physical drug dependence 2. Drug tolerance 3. Withdrawal symptoms 4. Psychological drug dependence E. Behavioral Effects of psychoactive drugs p124
