Neuroanatomy and Electrical Signals in Neurons: Terms and Definitions, Quizzes of Animal Anatomy and Physiology

Download Neuroanatomy and Electrical Signals in Neurons: Terms and Definitions and more Quizzes Animal Anatomy and Physiology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Neuron DEFINITION 1 Makes electrical signals; very similar in all animals; sophisticated information processing depends on a small number of physical and chemical processes TERM 2 Soma DEFINITION 2 Cell body of a neuron TERM 3 Axon DEFINITION 3 Elongated cylindrical process of a neuron along which action potentials are conducted; Nerve fiber. TERM 4 Dendrite DEFINITION 4 Fine processes of neurons that provide the main receptive area for synaptic input from other neurons. TERM 5 Axon Hillock DEFINITION 5 Transition area between soma and axon. TERM 6 Collaterals DEFINITION 6 Side branches of a nerve. TERM 7 Synapse DEFINITION 7 Structure that permits a neuron to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another cell. TERM 8 Bouton DEFINITION 8 The end of the axon; typically where signals are passed to another cell. TERM 9 Astrocytes DEFINITION 9 Maintain extracellular ionic homeostasis; provide 3D structure; absorb forces. TERM 10 Oligodendrocyte DEFINITION 10 Myelinates axons in the Central Nervous System; can myelinate more than one axon. TERM 21 Goldman Equation DEFINITION 21 More accurate approximation of diffusion potential, calculated for multi-ion system and includes permeability coefficients. TERM 22 Threshold DEFINITION 22 A level of depolarization at which Action Potential can be expected to be triggered; well defined for only the axon hillock and the nodes of Ranvier. TERM 23 Accomodation DEFINITION 23 A vague term describing lack of Action Potential triggering by slow depolarizations to and through threshold values. TERM 24 Relative Refractory Period DEFINITION 24 The period following an action potential during which another action potential, possibly partial,may be triggered if stimulus is more intense than usual. TERM 25 Absolute Refractory Period DEFINITION 25 The period during or after an action potential when a second action potential cannot be triggered.