Statistical Hypothesis Testing: Terms and Concepts, Quizzes of Statistics

Download Statistical Hypothesis Testing: Terms and Concepts and more Quizzes Statistics in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 hypothesis testing DEFINITION 1 Procedure for deciding whether the outcome of a study (results for a sample) supports a particular theory or practical innovation (which is thought to apply to a population).A statistical hypothesis is a hypothesis that is testable on the basis of observing a process that is modeled via a set of random variables. TERM 2 hypothesis DEFINITION 2 a prediction, often based on observation, previous research, or theory, that is tested in a research study. TERM 3 theory DEFINITION 3 a set of principles that attempt to explain one or more facts, relationships, or events; behavioral and social scientists often derive specific predictions (hypotheses) from theories that are then tested in research studies TERM 4 research hypothesis DEFINITION 4 statement in hypothesis testing about the predicted relation between populations (usually a prediction of a difference between population means) TERM 5 null hypothesis DEFINITION 5 statement about a relationship between populations that is the opposite of the research hypothesis;In inferential statistics, the term "null hypothesis" usually refers to a general statement or default position that there is no relationship between two measured phenomena, or no difference among groups. TERM 6 comparison distribution DEFINITION 6 distribution used in hypothesis testing. It represents the population situation if the null hypothesis is true. It is the distribution to which you compare the score based on your sample's results. TERM 7 cutoff sample score DEFINITION 7 in hypothesis testing, the point on the comparison distribution at which, if research or exceeded by the sample score, you reject the null hypothesis; also called critical value TERM 8 conventional levels of significance DEFINITION 8 (p < .05, p < .01) the levels of significance widely used in the behavioral and social sciences. TERM 9 statistically significant DEFINITION 9 conclusion that the results of a study would be unlikely if in fact the sample studied represents a population that is no different from the population in general; an outcome of hypothesis testing in which the null hypothesis is rejected`In statistical hypothesis testing, statistical significance is attained when a p-value is less than the significance level (denoted , alpha). TERM 10 Directional hypothesis DEFINITION 10 research hypothesis predicting a particular direction of difference between populationsfor example, a prediction that the population like the sample studied has a higher mean than the population in general