Download Glossary of Earthquake and Seismology Terms and more Quizzes School management&administration in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Earthquake DEFINITION 1 Vibration of Earth by release of energy Associated with movements along faults TERM 2 Seismology DEFINITION 2 Study of earthquakes TERM 3 surface waves DEFINITION 3 slow, complex, and destructive TERM 4 primary (p) waves DEFINITION 4 push-pull (compressional) travel through solids, liquids, and gasesgreatest velocity TERM 5 secondary (s) waves DEFINITION 5 "shake"travel through solids, not liquids or gasesslower TERM 6 focus DEFINITION 6 within earth, where waves originate TERM 7 epicenter DEFINITION 7 on surface, directly above focusfound using difference in arrival times of P and S recordingsthree station recordings to find TERM 8 aftershocks DEFINITION 8 small tremors that follow strong earthquakes TERM 9 Mercalli Scale DEFINITION 9 measure of destructive powermeasure of intensity TERM 10 Richter Scale DEFINITION 10 Magnitudeamplitude of largest wavemax=8.9 min=1.0each unit of magnitude increase equals about a 30-fold energy increase TERM 21 deformation DEFINITION 21 refers to all changes in the shape, position, or orientation of a rock mass TERM 22 Ductile deformation DEFINITION 22 a type of solid-state flow that produces a change in the size and shape of an object without fracturing TERM 23 Folds DEFINITION 23 the result of compressional forces that result in the shortening and thickening of the crustflat-lying sedimentary and volcanic rocks bent into a series of wavelike undulations TERM 24 Dome DEFINITION 24 upwarped, circular or elongated structure formed by vertical displacements of strata TERM 25 Basin DEFINITION 25 downwarped, circular or elongatedstructure formed by vertical displacements of strata TERM 26 Faults DEFINITION 26 fractures in the crust along which appreciable displacement has taken place TERM 27 dip-slip fault DEFINITION 27 faults in which movement is primarily parallel to the dip (or inclination) of the fault surface TERM 28 Mountain building DEFINITION 28 results from crustal deformation at plate boundaries and hotspots.Indonesia, Andes, Himilayas TERM 29 Strike-slip faults DEFINITION 29 faults in which the dominant displacement is horizontal and parallel to the trend or strike of the fault surfaceSan Francisco earthquake of 1906 TERM 30 Transform fault DEFINITION 30 cut through the lithosphere and accomodate motion between two large tectonic platesEX: San Andreas Fault TERM 31 Orogenesis DEFINITION 31 the term for the processes that collectively produce a mountain belt TERM 32 Accretionary wedge DEFINITION 32 accumulation of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks with occasional scraps of ocean crust TERM 33 Terrane DEFINITION 33 refers to any crustal fragment that has a geologic history distinct from that of the adjoining terranes TERM 34 Andean-type plate margin DEFINITION 34 characterized by a continental volcanic arc and associated igneous plutons
