Term 1: Consciousness and Related Topics, Quizzes of Psychology

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TERM 1 Consciousness DEFINITION 1 A state of awareness TERM 2 Daydreams DEFINITION 2 Relatively focused thinking about fantasies TERM 3 Divided consciousness DEFINITION 3 The splitting off of two conscious activities that occur simulatneously TERM 4 Unconscious mind DEFINITION 4 Mental processes that occur w/o conscious awareness TERM 5 Hypnagogic State DEFINITION 5 Relaxed state of dreamlike awareness between wakefulness and sleep TERM 6 Myoclonia DEFINITION 6 An abrupt movement that sometimes occurs during the hypnagogic state in which the sleeper often experiences a sense of falling TERM 7 Electroencephalogram (EEG) DEFINITION 7 A measure of electrical brain activity TERM 8 Dreaming DEFINITION 8 Conscious awareness during sleep that primarily occurs during rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep TERM 9 REM sleep DEFINITION 9 Rapid-eye movement sleep, characterized by movement of the eyes under the lids; often accompanies dreams TERM 10 Circadian Rhythm DEFINITION 10 Internally generated cycles lasting about 24 hours a day that regulate sleepiness and wakefulness, body temperature, and the secretion of some hormones TERM 21 Early-awakening Insomnia DEFINITION 21 Characterized by waking up earlier than desired, either several times in the middle of the night or early in the morning TERM 22 Narcolepsy DEFINITION 22 Sleep disorder in which the person suddenly falls asleep during activities usually performed when fully awake, even when the person has had adequate sleep TERM 23 Sleep Apnea DEFINITION 23 Sudden interruption of breathing during sleep (more than 20 seconds) TERM 24 The Altered States of Consciousness DEFINITION 24 1. Distortions of perception 2. Intense positive emotions 3. Sense of unity 4. Illogical 5. Indescribable 6. Transcendent 7. Self-evident reality TERM 25 Distortions of perception DEFINITION 25 Distortions often occur in what is seen, heard, and felt. Time passes differently, and the body may seem distorted-the body may even seem to have been left behind and to be observed from the outside TERM 26 Intense Positive Emotions DEFINITION 26 People who have experienced altered states of consciousness frequently describe them as joyful, euphoric, loving, or profoundly tranquil experiences TERM 27 Sense of Unity DEFINITION 27 Individuals often experience a sense of being unified w/ nature, blended w/ the universe, or one with a spiritual force TERM 28 Illogical DEFINITION 28 Many of the experiences and revelations of the altered states of consciousness do not make sense by the standards of everday logic. For example, the experience that "I exist as a separate person, yet I am one with the universe" is typical of altered states TERM 29 Indescribable DEFINITION 29 Individuals who have experienced altered states of consciousness usually feel that words cannot adequately express the nature of their experience. TERM 30 Transcendent DEFINITION 30 Going beyond what is normally experienced. In particular, the individual may experience a new perspective that goes beyond ordinary conceptions of space and time limitations TERM 31 Self-evident Reality DEFINITION 31 New revelations and insights are experienced that concern "ultimate reality" and are felt to be "real" in a way that requires no proof (the insight is intuitively and immediately understood as truth) TERM 32 Meditation DEFINITION 32 Several methods of focusing concentration away from thoughts and feelings and generating a sense of relaxation TERM 33 Mantras DEFINITION 33 Words or sounds containing religious meaning that are used during meditation TERM 34 Transcendental State DEFINITION 34 Altered state of consciousness, sometimes achieved during meditation, that is said to transcend normal human experience TERM 35 Mindfulness DEFINITION 35 The state of focusing conscious awareness completely on waht is going on at the present moment TERM 46 Depressants DEFINITION 46 Drugs that reduce the activity of the central nervous system, leading to a sense of relaxation, drowsiness, and lowered inhibitions TERM 47 Stimulants DEFINITION 47 Drugs that increase the activity of motivational centers in the brain, providing a sense of energy and well-being TERM 48 Hallucinogens DEFINITION 48 Drugs that alter perceptual experiences TERM 49 Inhalants DEFINITION 49 Toxic substances that produce a sense of intoxication when inhaled TERM 50 5 Factors Influencing an Individual's Response to a Drug DEFINITION 50 1. Dose and Purity 2. Personal Characteristics 3. Expectations 4. Social Situation 5. Moods TERM 51 Dose and purity DEFINITION 51 Amount of the drug taken influences its effect TERM 52 Personal Characteristics DEFINITION 52 The weight, health, age, and the personality of the person taking a drug can influence the drug's effect TERM 53 Expectations DEFINITION 53 The effect that a person expects a drug to have partly determines the effect of the drug TERM 54 Social Situation DEFINITION 54 Other people influence a person's response to a drug. TERM 55 Moods DEFINITION 55 The mood a person is in at the time of taking a drug can dramatically alter its effects TERM 56 Amphetamines DEFINITION 56 Powerful stimulants that produce a conscious sense of increased energy and euphoria TERM 57 Amphetamine Psychosis DEFINITION 57 Prolonged reactions to the excessive use of stimulants, characterized by disordered thinking, confused and rapidly changing emotions, and intense suspiciousness TERM 58 Ephedra DEFINITION 58 Herbal stimulant that may suppress appetite but may cause serious emotional disturbance TERM 59 Sedatives DEFINITION 59 Depressants that in mild doses produce a state of calm relaxation TERM 60 Narcotics DEFINITION 60 Powerful and highly addictive depressants