Social Stratification Terms and Definitions, Quizzes of Introduction to Sociology

Download Social Stratification Terms and Definitions and more Quizzes Introduction to Sociology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 closed system DEFINITION 1 a stratification system in which people have great difficulty changing their status TERM 2 culture of poverty DEFINITION 2 the view that the poor possess self perpetuating lifeways characterized by weak ego structures, lack of impulse control, a present-time orientation, and a sense of resignation and fatalism TERM 3 dual labor market DEFINITION 3 an economy characterized by two sectors. The primary, or core, sector offers "good jobs" and the secondary or periphery, sector offers "bad jobs" TERM 4 horizontal mobility DEFINITION 4 movement from one social status to another that is approximately equivalent in rank TERM 5 income DEFINITION 5 the amount of money people receive TERM 6 intergenerational mobility DEFINITION 6 a comparison of the social status of parents and their children at some point in their respective careers TERM 7 intragenerational mobility DEFINITION 7 a comparison of the social status of a person over an extended time TERM 8 life chances DEFINITION 8 the likelihood that individuals and groups will enjoy desired goods and services, fulfilling experiences, and opportunities for living healthy and long lives TERM 9 objective method DEFINITION 9 an approach to the identification of social classes that employs such yardsticks as income, occupation, and education. social classes are viewed as a statistical category. uses numerically measurable criteria to categorize individuals TERM 10 open system DEFINITION 10 a stratification system in which people can change their status with relative ease TERM 21 wealth DEFINITION 21 what people own TERM 22 neutral DEFINITION 22 Social arrangements are not _____, but serve and promote the goals and interests of some people more than those of other people. TERM 23 social ranking, ranking DEFINITION 23 Social differentiation creates a necessary condition for ____ _____, but it does not create the ranking itself. TERM 24 achieved DEFINITION 24 _____ statuses are open to people on the basis of individual choice and competition and are common in open stratification systems. TERM 25 ascribed DEFINITION 25 _____ statuses are assigned to people by their group or society and are typical of closed statuses. TERM 26 United States DEFINITION 26 The ____ _____ provides a good example of a relatively open system. TERM 27 Abe Lincoln DEFINITION 27 The American folk hero is ___ ____, the poor boy who made good, the rail-splitter who through hard work managed to move from log cabin to the White House. TERM 28 opportunity DEFINITION 28 The US democratic creed holds that all people should have an equal _____ to ascend to the heights of the class system. TERM 29 Hindu DEFINITION 29 The ___ caste arrangement, particularly as it operated in India prior to 1900, serves as an example of a closed stratification system TERM 30 Hindu DEFINITION 30 Under the traditional ____ system, life was ordered in terms of castes in which people inherited their social status at birth from their parents and could not change it in the course of their lives. TERM 31 Karl Marx, Max Weber DEFINITION 31 What two sociologists have helped us to unravel the nature of social stratification? TERM 32 Marx DEFINITION 32 What sociologist believed that the key to social stratification in capitalist societies is the division between those who own and control the crucial means of production (bourgeoisie) and the oppressed working class (proletariat)? TERM 33 Weber DEFINITION 33 What sociologist believed in a multidimensional view of stratification and identified three components- class (economic standing), status (prestige) and party (power)? TERM 34 wealth, income DEFINITION 34 The economic dimension of stratification consists of ____ and _____. TERM 35 deference DEFINITION 35 behavior dramatizing and confirming a person's superior ranking TERM 46 status spheres DEFINITION 46 As subcultures based on ethnicity, lifestyle, religious commitment, patterns of consumption, occupation, age, and other dimensions become increasingly important in American cultural life, they have formed the basis of what we might call ____ _____. TERM 47 social class DEFINITION 47 Few aspects of social life affect so strongly the way people behave and think as does ____ ____. TERM 48 the threshold for poverty as defined by the Census Bureau DEFINITION 48 the minimum amount of money families need to purchase a nutritionally adequate diet, assuming they use one-third of their income for food TERM 49 underclass DEFINITION 49 a term used by sociologist to describe the phenomenon of persistent poverty TERM 50 situational poverty DEFINITION 50 view of poverty that sees it as situational, supported by a study showing that a majority of the US population uses the welfare system at some point TERM 51 structural feature poverty DEFINITION 51 view of poverty that sees it as a feature of capitalist societies; the cyclical movements between economic expansion and contraction contribute to sharp fluctuations in employment; sees poverty as deriving from a lack of income- producing employment TERM 52 FDR's New Deal in the 1930's DEFINITION 52 What were the first large national poverty programs in the US? TERM 53 Social Security and Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) DEFINITION 53 a program included in FDR's New Deal that was designed to aid the disabled and prevent poverty in old age; it has sharply reduced poverty among the elderly TERM 54 the United States DEFINITION 54 What is the only industrialized nation that has no guaranteeded-income program for families in poverty and no national health program to meet the medical needs of its citizens? TERM 55 Temporary Assistance for Needy Families DEFINITION 55 What program replaced the AFDC program in 1996 as part of Bill Clinton's welfare reform? TERM 56 children, the elderly DEFINITION 56 ____ and the _____ account for nearly half of all Americans living in poverty. TERM 57 upwardly, downwardly DEFINITION 57 In general, more Americans are _____ mobile than ______ mobile across generations. TERM 58 education DEFINITION 58 What factor has the greatest influence on occupational attainment? TERM 59 intergenerational DEFINITION 59 When sociologists talk about social mobility, they usually mean _______ occupational mobility. TERM 60 women, blacks DEFINITION 60 The processes of status attainment are different for ___ and ___ than they are for white males.