Soil Erosion: Types, Causes, Effects, and Control Measures, Quizzes of Agricultural engineering

Download Soil Erosion: Types, Causes, Effects, and Control Measures and more Quizzes Agricultural engineering in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Erosion DEFINITION 1 The wearing away of the land surface Detachment and movement of soil or rock Most destructive of all soil-related phenomenon Most important cause of soil degradation TERM 2 Main types of water erosion DEFINITION 2 Natural accelerated TERM 3 Steps in water accelerated erosion DEFINITION 3 Detachment - if we prevent this step, the other two can't occur Transportation - floating, rolling, dragging, splashing, human activity, etc. Deposition - to some place of lower elevation TERM 4 Effects of water-induced soil erosion DEFINITION 4 On-site Effects a. loss of fertile topsoil b. Exposure of unproductive subsoil Off-site Effects a. Siltation of dams, lakes, rivers, etch.b. floods, soil, and water pollution TERM 5 Runoff DEFINITION 5 (precipitation or irrigation) - (infiltration) Water loss by surface flow TERM 6 Types of water-induced soil erosion DEFINITION 6 Splash - impacts of raindrops, can splash up to 3' high Sheet - up to 70% of erosion, removal on thin layers of soil Rill - forms small channels between sloping fields Gully - forms large channels between sloping fields Stream/ stream bank - along the banks of streams TERM 7 Control/prevention measures DEFINITION 7 Cultural Control Mechanical/Engineering Control TERM 8 Cultural Control DEFINITION 8 Conservation Tillage Cover Cropping: prevents 3 steps of erosion Mulching: Prevent splash erosion, improves infilitration Proper timing of Cultivation: working around weather Addition of Soil conditioners: improves structure & infilitration Contour Cultivation: slow runoff velocity Strip Cropping : planting buffer strips/vegetative barrier TERM 9 Types of Conservation tillage DEFINITION 9 No-till - old crop works as mulch and prevent detachment Ridge-till - reform old ridges Strip till - uncultivated sections to catch any runoff sediments Mulch till Reduced till - limit disturbance TERM 10 Mechanical Control DEFINITION 10 Riprap - Large angular rocks to limit/prevent detachment Terracing - "stairs-like" surface to prevent down-slope runoff velocity Bioengineering - use of vegetation to protect channels, reduce runoff velocity Sediment traps - used primaryaround construction zones Retention Ponds - collects runoff and allows sediments to settle