Judeo-Christian Teachings: Human's Connection to Earth and Creation, Quizzes of Forestry

Download Judeo-Christian Teachings: Human's Connection to Earth and Creation and more Quizzes Forestry in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 five characteristics of Judeo-Christian teachings that suggest humans are different from the rest of Earth and need not worry about how Earth is treated DEFINITION 1 ??? Earth is but a temporary home. The soul is eternal and transends earth Jesus, son of God was both human and devine, He walked the earh as a man, not as an animal, a plant or a mineral. theApocalypse (need not care because everything will end) TERM 2 How does a Christian landscape differ from the pre-Christian landscape DEFINITION 2 pre-Christian: inspirited, alive w/many gods, demons, and ancestors sacred markers and sacred places abounded and demanded respectChristian: nature unlike people is not caring, feeling or inspirited exorcized the landscape, desacralizing and taming it w/churches replacing natural areas as sacred placesp127 TERM 3 What are some possible interpretations of subdue and dominion as used in Genesis? DEFINITION 3 Overall both mean... God cares more for humans than the rest of creation Otherinterpretations dominion - playing a pivotal role in the situation subdue - has undertones of power and violent TERM 4 Compare and contrast interpretations of dominion, subdue, till, and keep. What implications do these different interpretations have for a Judeo-Christian land ethic? DEFINITION 4 dominion and subdue and overtones of power and control (refer to previous card for more definitions) till can be interpreted to mean a loving relationship b/t husband and wife and b/t God and humans to keep means to guard or watch over, thus maintaining the capacity of creation to flourish the first denotes that land should be taken over for our gain and purpose while the latter implies that we should take care of it and guard it instead of exploiting it TERM 5 What are some reasons to care for Creation? DEFINITION 5 -golden rule so no environmental injustice p129-Creation exists for more than toservice humans God cares about all of creation,God created earth and life and,surveying the result, declared it goodTill and Keep Steward the Creation for God, notremake it Ownership of Creation not indoubt Salvation may depend on caringfor creation (is pollution a SIN? TERM 6 What is one of the main environmental concerns of Pope John Paul II? DEFINITION 6 Earths resources are to be shared equally and redistributed justly around the world, not left to who ever is first to claim the spoils or whover is able to prevail over the rest. TERM 7 Books such as The Wisdom of God Manifested in the Works of Creation provided evidence of what? DEFINITION 7 - the interpreted nature as evidence of God and lesson form God TERM 8 What are the two good books? Why are each good? What makes them good? DEFINITION 8 -Bible and Nature? p133 TERM 9 What are the religious implications of damming Hetch Hetchy for water? DEFINITION 9 - it is pursuing money over nature worship TERM 10 What is natural theology? DEFINITION 10 Theology or knowledge of God based on observed facts and experience apart from divine revelation. TERM 21 What are the four qualities/conditions of consciousness discussed in the chapter? Define each in a sentence. DEFINITION 21 p145-148-ability to respond flexibly and learn, language use, self-awareness, and awareness that others are aware TERM 22 What is the mirror recognition test and what does it demonstrate? DEFINITION 22 measure of self awareness as animals either possess or lack the ability to recognize themselves in a mirror TERM 23 What are some examples of language in primates? DEFINITION 23 different warning barks for prarie dogs varying alarm sounds of vervet monkeys p146 TERM 24 How does deception illustrate consciousness? What is the evidence that non-humans act deceptively? DEFINITION 24 deception shows consciousness because to deceive someone we must manipulate hos or her awareness of our intentions thus be aware that they are aware and that they too have intentions p148 promiscuous male chimpanzees try to hide their erections from the alphamales because they will get beat up if the alphamale sees that they are attracted to his females the chimps have been observed to have sex behing boulders and other locations out of the sight of the alphamales they w/hold info so they can avoid beatings p148-9 TERM 25 How do humanism, modernism, religion, and post-modernism differentiate humans from nature? DEFINITION 25 religion- judeo-christian teachings say humans are different because created in God's image p150modernism- anything non human are unconscious, unfeeling, and lacking free will. behavior could be reduced to physical and chemical lawshumanism - replace God as navigational guide for charting social progress w/human science, rationality, and ingenuity taking center stage. nature becomes a vehicle for humans toachievetheir ends and matters only to the extent that it affects the human conditionp151post modernism - further separates from nature. human nature is culturally constructed p151 TERM 26 What are some arguments that human language ability is qualitatively different than animal use of language? Why does it matter that the meaning of a sound must be understood or that apes dont use abstract symbols in the wild? DEFINITION 26 -it's difficult to prove that animals comprehend meanings associated with sounds or symbols p146 TERM 27 Is a prairie dog communicating danger to other dogs when it makes a high-pitched bark immediately upon seeing a hawk or eagle? Does a Velvet Monkey communicate when it differentiates between three types of danger? DEFINITION 27 - it might be because it wants to warn others of danger or it might just be an instinctual reflex that increases chances of survival and thus gets passed on from generation to generation- it seems like it is more instinctual-it isn't obvious that the alarm sound was an intentional effort to warn other monkeys which it would need to be if it were to meant as communicationp146 TERM 28 What are some of the implications of being different than human or slightly less than human (i.e., ethical treatment of plants, animals, and people of different races and religion)? DEFINITION 28 Defining humans as separate from nature may invite or at least make easier the abuse of nature. p156 TERM 29 What is the difference between biological determinism and blank slate philosophies (i.e., nature versus nurture)? DEFINITION 29 biological determinism -is the interpretation of humans and human life from a strictly biological point of view, and it is closely related togenetic determinism.our traits and personalities reflect evolutionary lessons that increased chances of survival and thus are programmed into our genes. p154blank slate - assume people are born absent of any serious direction from nature: culture fills blank minds with symbols, rationality manipulates these symbols with logic and human culture dominates evolutionary inheritance. p156 TERM 30 What are the implications for environmental policy/regulation of alternative conceptions of human nature: competitive and self-selfish, loving and attracted to thriving ecosystems, blank slate and malleable? DEFINITION 30 -say whether we can naturally fix nature because it is in us or whether we have to put changes in place due to being rational... TERM 31 What is biophilia? DEFINITION 31 Our sense of connection to nature and other forms of life. Used in context to biodiversity and conservation biology-Thebiophilia hypothesissuggests that there is aninstinctivebond betweenhuman beingsand otherliving systems. wiki-says that our genetic inheritance motivates a love of nature that might encourage environmental protection p155-says we need a connection w/nature TERM 32 How many chickens get slaughtered in the US for meat each hour (on average)? How long do they live (on average)? Describe some of the conditions in which they live and die. DEFINITION 32 1 million each hour p1582 yrs as oppose to 10-15 yrs p159 TERM 33 Why do some people object to the Draize Eye Irritancy Test? DEFINITION 33 - they are used to test mainly cosmetic products- they cause rabbit extreme pain by putting the chemicals in their eye and keeping it open and then observing them for as long as several weeks. p160 TERM 34 How many states have laws about cruelty to animals? DEFINITION 34 All states TERM 35 What is the difference between instrumental value and inherent rights (or between instrumental value and intrinsic value)? Be able to define instrumental value and inherent rights. Be able to give some examples of instrumental values that suggest we should prevent cruelty to animals (i.e., Gandhi and Kant). DEFINITION 35 Instrumental Value=is the value of objects, both physical objects and abstract objects, not as ends-in-themselves but a means of achieving something else. It is often contrasted with items of intrinsic value.Inherent Rights=A right that exists by reason of an individual's status as an individual and is not derived from any other source. TERM 46 How do natural resource recreation experience differ from human-made aesthetic experiences (scale, complexity, immersion, intensity, escape, restoration)? What makes them special? DEFINITION 46 Nature-based experiences are special because they cant be duplicated by human technology and because they make essential contributions to American culture. Recreating in nature is different than recreating in at a shopping mall. The scale of complexity of nature has the power to overwhelm us, creating an oceanic feeling of being a grain of sand on the beach of time. For example, standing at the edge of the Grand Canyon provokes humility as we sense our frailty and insignificance. TERM 47 Why is authenticity valued? DEFINITION 47 Authenticity is valued because it gives natural resource recreation areas natural appearances, wild process and opportunities for authentic experiences. TERM 48 What is the National Park Services mandate? What is the contradiction? Why does it cause difficulties such as with management of bears in Yellowstone? DEFINITION 48 The National Park Services mandate is to find the appropriate mix of authentic and developed experiences that maximize public enjoyment. The contradiction is that some parks these days are getting crowded with hotels, golf courses, post offices, grocery stores, sewage-treatment plants, hot-water showers, pizza delivery, camp-fire talks, guided walks, and five star restaurants. This created difficulties such as with management of bears in Yellowstone because the bears were being considered very unsafe for the visitors as well as the people who fed them. Therefore new policies had to be implemented to minimize risks which also meant minimizing the authentic experience the bears gave to the park. TERM 49 Are the views from the Blue Ridge Parkway natural? Explain why they are scenic? DEFINITION 49 No theyre not natural. They are completely engineered and artists are instructed to minimize messy foreground details and strategically compose the scene so as to draw the eye toward charismatic focal points. TERM 50 How does a rearview mirror help create picturesque landscapes? DEFINITION 50 Special devices resembling a cars rearview mirror allowed painters to compose a picturesque view out of a messy and confusing natural landscape. It just means that artists faced away from the landscape they were painting and directed the mirror backward. TERM 51 What is the difference between the sublime and the beautiful? DEFINITION 51 Sublime scenery impresses the viewer with Gods grandeur. It promotes humility, the feeling of insignificance relative to the power and glory of Gods creation. Beautiful landscapes, in contrast, promote feelings of peace and tranquility, a state of contempelate Gods grace, with their gentle, curving, soothing features. TERM 52 What are the aesthetics of neatness? DEFINITION 52 Domince of neatness as a form of the care aesteticMessy landscapes look attractive if people know the ecological functions if what they are seeing.Neatness and aesthetics are related because what is neat is aesthetic and what is aesthetic is neat. Example would that until the civil war, only rich people had gardens which made their yard aesthetic and neat. People that were not wealthy had dirt around their houses along with chickens and other farm animals which is not neat. TERM 53 What is the history of the lawn? When did it become popular? What are some of the major social and environmental costs of lawns? DEFINITION 53 Social and Enviromental Costs Pesticide and fertilizers ends up as runoff in watersheds and landfills New Since Civil War-50 to 100 billion dollar industry on chemical treatment.Gained popularity IWWII in the 1950'sPresident Woodrow Wilson (1913- 21) instructed the U.S Department of Agriculture to develop grass variants that would improve golf course design. Those same grasses made lawns practical. The mimic class mimmiced the stye. By World war II, there were 19 million lawns and it doubled in 1969. Lawn maintenance can account for two-thirds of a municipalitys water consumption. Excess pesticides and fertilizers applied to lawns also create two to four times the pollution of agricultural areas. TERM 54 What is the difference between the picturesque aesthetic and the ecological aesthetic (promoted by Leopold)? Which one is appropriate for contemporary society? DEFINITION 54 According to Leopold, aesthetic appreciation of landscapes can lead to ecological, evolutionary, and anthropogenic appreciation of nature, which in turn may motivate a sustainable land-use ethic. Picturesque aesthetic is creating an artificial aesthetic nature through human engineered cameras. TERM 55 In what famous writing did Thomas Jefferson use nature as a rhetorical device? How often did he refer to nature in his writings? DEFINITION 55 The Declaration of Independence. He talks about it on almost every page. TERM 56 What were Jeffersons concerns about industrialization? DEFINITION 56 He worried that an industrial economy and urbanization might produce corruption and class warfare that could destroy a struggling democracy. TERM 57 What lessons did he think pastoralism taught? Why would these lessons promote sustainability? DEFINITION 57 He realized that Americas dependence on Europe for manufacturing made America vulnerable to blockades and tariffs. Dont know the second part TERM 58 What was Thoreaus critique of modern, economic American culture? DEFINITION 58 He worried that economic, political, religious, scientific, and other modern institutions created self-perpetuating and biased myths about how people ought to live. He believed that the good life could not be reached by running faster on the economic treadmill. TERM 59 Why did Thoreau look to nature for lessons when he had books and teachers? DEFINITION 59 He believed that he would not find truth using classical concepts taught in schools and codified by conduct of civilized life, but rather he would find truth by living simply and with nature. TERM 60 Describe Thoreaus famous experiment (where did he go to live, for how long, why?) DEFINITION 60 Walden Pond To get closer to nature About two years.He went to the woods to live as long as he can possibly can and the reason is because for him that was life and he wanted to learn every thing nature can offer and he wanted to discover about himself.