Terminology and Definitions in Chinese and Soviet History: An Overview, Quizzes of Political Science

Download Terminology and Definitions in Chinese and Soviet History: An Overview and more Quizzes Political Science in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Autonomous region DEFINITION 1 in the People's Republic of China, a territorial unit equivalent to a province that contains a large concentration of ethnic minorities. TERM 2 Newly Industrializing Countries (NICs) DEFINITION 2 a group of countries that achieved rapid economic development beginning in the 1960s, stimulated by robust international trade and guided by government policies TERM 3 Authoritarianism DEFINITION 3 a system of rule in which power depends not on popular legitimacy but on the coercive force of the political authorities TERM 4 Collectivization DEFINITION 4 a process undertaken in the Soviet Union under Stalin in the late 1920s and early 1930s and in China under Mao in the 1950s, by which agricultural land was removed from private ownership and organized into large state and collective farms TERM 5 Socialism DEFINITION 5 an economic system in which the state plays a leading role in organizing the economy, and most business firms are publicly owned. TERM 6 Great Leap Forward DEFINITION 6 a movement launched by Mao Zedong in 1958 to industrialize China very rapidly and propel it toward communism. TERM 7 Communism DEFINITION 7 a system of social organization based on the common ownership and coordination of production TERM 8 Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution DEFINITION 8 the political campaign launched in 1966 by Chairman Mao Zedong to stop what he saw as China's drift away from socialism and toward capitalism TERM 9 Technocrats DEFINITION 9 career-minded bureaucrats who administer public policy according to a technical rather than a political rationale. TERM 10 Command economy DEFINITION 10 a form of socialist economy in which government decisions ("commands") rather than market mechanisms (such as supply and demand) are the major influences in determining the nation's economic direction.