Glossary of Volcanology Terms, Quizzes of Geology

Download Glossary of Volcanology Terms and more Quizzes Geology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 AA Flow DEFINITION 1 A type of lava flow that has a jagged vlocky surface. TERM 2 Batholith DEFINITION 2 A large mass of igneous rock that formed when magma was emplaced at depth, ctystallized, and subsequently exposed by erosion TERM 3 Caldera DEFINITION 3 A large depression typically caused by collapse or ejectionof the summit area of a volcano. TERM 4 Cinder Cone DEFINITION 4 A rather small vocano built primarily of pyroclastics ejected from a single vent. TERM 5 Columnar Joints DEFINITION 5 A pattern of cracks that form during cooling of molten rock to generate columns that are generally six-sided TERM 6 Composite Cone DEFINITION 6 A volcano composed of both lava flows and pyroclastic material. TERM 7 Conduit DEFINITION 7 A pipelike opening through which magma moves toward Earth's surface. It termintes at a surface opening called a vent TERM 8 Continental volcanic arc DEFINITION 8 Mountains fomed in part by igneous activity associated with the subduction of oceanic lithosphere beneath a continent. TERM 9 Crater DEFINITION 9 The depression at the summit of a volcano, or that which is prodiced by a meteorite impact. TERM 10 Dike DEFINITION 10 A tabular-shaped intrusive igneous feature that cuts through the surrounding rock. TERM 21 Pahoehoe DEFINITION 21 A lava flow with a smooth-to-ropey surface. TERM 22 Parastic Cone DEFINITION 22 A volcanic cone taht forms on the flank of a larger volcanic. TERM 23 Pipe DEFINITION 23 A vertical condiut through which magmatic materials have passed. TERM 24 Pluton DEFINITION 24 A structure that results from the emplacement and crystallization of magma beneath the surface of Earth. TERM 25 Pyroclastic flow DEFINITION 25 A highly heated mixture, largely of ash and pumuce fragments, traveling down the flanks of a volcano or along the surface of the ground. TERM 26 Pyroclastic Material DEFINITION 26 The volcanic rock ejected during an eruption, including ash, bombs, and blocks. TERM 27 Scoria Cone DEFINITION 27 A rather small volcano built primarily of pyroclastic ejected from a single vent. TERM 28 Sheild Volcano DEFINITION 28 A broad, gently sloping vocano built from fluid basaltic lavas. TERM 29 Sill DEFINITION 29 A tabular igneous body that was intruded parallel to the layering of preexisting rock. TERM 30 Stratovolcano DEFINITION 30 A volcano composed of both lava flows and pyroclastic material. TERM 31 Viscosity DEFINITION 31 A measure of a fluid's resistence to flow. TERM 32 Volatiles DEFINITION 32 Gaseous components of magma dissolved in the elt. Volatiles will readily vaporize (form a gas) at surface pressures. TERM 33 Volcanic Neck DEFINITION 33 An isolated, steep-sided, erosional remnant consisting of lava that once occupied the vent of a volcano. TERM 34 Volcano DEFINITION 34 A mountain formed of land and/or pyroclastic.