Chapter 9 Study Guide, Exercises of Chemistry

Download Chapter 9 Study Guide and more Exercises Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity! 20 Chemistry: Matter and Change * Chapter 9 Name Date Class Cag STUDY GUIDE Chemical Reactions Section 9.1 Reactions and Equations In your textbook, read about evidence of chemical reactions. For each statement, write yes if evidence of a chemical reaction is present. Write no if there is no evidence of a chemical reaction. —YES 1. A tomato smells rotten. ___NO____2. A drinking glass breaks into smaller pieces. __ NOs. A piece of ice melts. — YES _____ 4, Drain cleaner is mixed with water and the solution becomes warm. yes 5. Candle wax burns. Ves [NO 6. Molten candle wax solidifies. —\E5____7. Green leaves turn yellow and red as the seasons change. yes 8. Baking powder produces a gas that makes a cake rise. In your textbook, read about how to represent chemical reactions and how to balance chemical equations. Use the terms below to complete the passage. Each term may be used once, more than once, or not at all. arrow plus sign (s) 0) reactant product (9) (aq) ‘The fuel for the space shuttle is hydrogen, which burns in oxygen to produce water vapor and energy. In this chemical reaction, hydrogen is a(n) (9) I@Gcfan{ ___, oxygen is.acn) (10)_Feactont and water vapor is a(n) (11)__produc in a chemical equation for this reaction, a(n) (12) _GiyOW __ is used to separate hydrogen and oxygen from water vapor and energy. A(n) (13) plus sign __is used to separate the symbols for hydrogen and oxygen. A(n) (14)__(q) symbol is used to tell the state of hydrogen in the reaction, a(n) (15) ___(q) —_ symbol is used for the state of oxygen, and a(n) (16) Sep symbol is used for the state of water vapor. Study Guide Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hil, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, ne. es iieiinanenibidiai  I Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hll, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies ne. Name Date Class Silas STUDY GUIDE Section 9.1. continued For each of the following chemical reactions, write a word equation, a skeleton equation, and a balanced chemical equation. Be sure to show the state of each reactant and prod- uct. If you need more help writing formulas or determining the state of a substance, refer to Chapters, 7 and 8 and the periodic table on pages 178-179. 17. Solid ceca oxide breaks down when heated, forming the elements or and oxygen, mercury HE) oxide (s) — mercury it) + oxygen (4) ZHa0 1) =e Ha wn + Op) Nak 18. Sodium metal reacts with water vapor in air to form solid sodium hydroxide and hydrogen. Ha, Sodium (s)+ wacker (q)—> sodium hydroxide (S) + hydrogen (q) ZNacy + = + oH See, |, an§ 4 ; 1 Inthe frat step ofgfining zinc metal from its ging or, is heated in the presence of oxygeitThe products are solid zin€Oxide and sulfuPMoxide gas. zine sulfide (s) + oxygen (g) > zine ovide (2+ sulfur dioxide 4) DZnS ls) + 30244) — 2 ZnO0ts\ + 2 §02/0\ 20, The net step of refining zg involves heatingdpe Bie RUs niet peeseaen ot thon: This reaction produces zin€ Vapor and carbon MOnoxide gas. zinc oxide (3) + Carbon ey —7 _ZIn€ @) + carbon monoxide Gy 2nOGy + Cry => Zn a CO) 21. Certain pollutants in he, air react with water vapor to form,acids, For example, sult > trioxide reacts with WHEt vapor to form sulfuric acid. sulfur trioxide @) + woter@) — sulfuric acid lag - Bb Ds gy + Hy Ous? He SO4 (og 22. Solid calcium, ite is commonly used in antacids because it reacts with the hydrochloric déid found in the stomach. The products of this reaction are aqueous calcium chloride, carbon dioxide, and water. Cae Ce By Calcium chloride Gg) + corbon dioyide ty + waterigy + CoCO2 (5) + ZHCI cag a CaCle tam + CO21ay + HO wey Study Guide Chemistry: Matter and Change * Chapter9 21. * pene lo Copyright © Glencoe/McCraw-Hil division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Name Date Class Ce ugulaad STUDY GUIDE Section 9.2 continued In your textbook, read about the activity series for metals and halogens. These will nob be Examine each of the following pairs of potential reactants. Use Figure 9.13 in your textbook to help you decide whether or not a reaction would occur. If a reaction occurs, write the balanced equation. If no reaction occurs, write NR. 9. calcium and water H Oo me 40. magnesium and water __ NR 44. rubidium and lithium chloride NVR on the test eee Fig temp! 12. potassium, and aluminum oxide > Keay + AO ats) — > Zl) ~ SKz06) 13. silver and calcium nitrate _N 44. ftaorine ant possi iodide . Fates F201 ny — >. Tages + 2 es 15. magnesium bromide and chlorine bon ae 16. copper and iron(II) sulfate Vf Match each example of a chemical reaction in Column A to the type(s) listed in Column B. List all types from Column B that apply. Column A — © _ 17. Aluminum lawn furniture becomes coated with a layer of aluminum oxide when it sits out in the air. mae 18. Chlorine gas is bubbled through a calcium bromide solution. The solution turns brown, the color of bromine. ca 19. Lime is added to acid water in a lake. Water and a salt form. Q~® 20. Propane is a common household fuel. When burned, water and carbon dioxide are produced. Ok 21. Steel wool burns, forming an iron oxide. aes 22. When an electric current is passed through molten potassium bromide, potassium and bromine form. VG 23. When solutions of sodium iodide and lead nitrate are combined, a yellow solid forms. —* ce Column B - combustion . decomposition 2 (2) double-replacement . synthesis Study Guide Chemistry: Matter and Change * Chapter 9 |. single-replacement 23 — Name Date Class a auics yy ae lS Section9.3 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions In your textbook, read about aqueous solutions, reactions that form precipitates, reactions that form water, and reactions that form gases. Circle the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. A spoonful of sodium chloride is dissolved in a liter of water. What is sodium chloride in this solution? (& pote d. solvent 2. In an aqueous solution, water is the a. homogeneous part. _b. precipitate. ¢. solute. Ca Jotvent, a. molecule b. precipitate 3. Compounds that produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions are Ca acids. 4. What type of reaction occurs between ions present in aqueous solution? b. aqueous. c. bases. d. ionic compounds. a. decomposition (b, Houble-replacement ¢. single-replacement _d. synthesis .. What type of ions are present in solution but are not actually involved in a chemical reaction? a. complete b. net ¢. precipitate Ca Spectator If hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide react, what is the product of the net ionic equation for the reaction? a. hydrochloric acid —_‘b. hydrogen ions ¢. potassium chloride Ca water 7. Which of the following gases is not commonly produced in a double-replacement reaction? a. carbon dioxide b. hydrogen cyanide c. hydrogen sulfide OE dioxide 8. H*(aq) + Br-(aq) + K*(aq) + OH™(aq) > H,O()) + Br~(aq) + K*(ag) is an example ‘of what type of chemical equation? 2S omplete ionic b. net ionic . precipitation d. spectator 24 Chemistry: Matter and Change * Chapter 9 study Guide CCopytight © GlencoeMcGraw-Hil, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies nc. i)  Te Shana RE RAT AIRES Name Date Class CHAPTER STUDY GUIDE Section 9.3 continued Predict the products for each reaction in Column A. Write the formulas for these prod- ucts on the product side of each equation. In the space at the left, write the letter of the choice from Column B that indicates what type of product is produced during the reac- tion shown in Column A. Write as many choices as apply. (Hints: Compounds of group 1 metals are never precipitates; H,S and CO, are gases.) Column A Column B C9, HBr(aq) + KOH(aq) > —H2 Out KE recog) a. gas QL 40. HNO jag) + NajCO,(aq)—>» NANO Best HeQnr COo ig) be. precipitate B44, Nattag) + Pb(C,H,0,),(aq) > Pb Ley + NOC2M202tag) & water fe. 12. CsOH(aq) + H,SO,(aq) > iCppOuu Fre QO 43, K,8(aq) + HCaq) > SRO Sa For each of the following reactions, write chemical, complete ionic, and net ionic equations. 14. Phosphoric acid (H,PO,) and lithium hydroxide react to form a salt and water. HaPOyws + 2LiOH wey — 3 H2Ouy + Lia POY Magy 3BHt + Ports ait + 30H > 2H2O + But + Poy * + ZOW- — 3H20 45, When solutions of magnesium sulfate and calcium chloride are mixed, calcium sulfate precipitates. MaSOu logy + Ce) > CoSOu + Malo lag) Mais Dy yt + Cot? + 20 CaSOust Mag +2, 20\= SOg-* + iGa > Ga SOm ey 16. Bubbles are released when nitric acid (HNO) is added to a potassium carbonate solution. ZHNOs tag * Ko COa logy + 2KNO> caq\ + HOw * Org) QuY + aNOa + Q2kK*+ COs? = 9K + Q2NO,~ + H20+CO2 ah = Cog * —> Pre + CO: 47. Bubbles are released when hydrobromic acid (HBr) is added to a solution of ammonium sulfide. Aqueous ammonium bromide also forms. ZAYBr tagy + (NHHY2S cagy HaSig + 2NHYBC a9) 2H* + 2BrF 2NHuY+ S* —> HS + 2Niyt + 2 Br 2H + S72 HeS Study Guide Chemistry: Matter and Change * Chapter9 25