Analyzing Figurative Language in Katy Perry's Songs: Metaphor Theory & Stylistic Analysis, Summaries of Voice

Download Analyzing Figurative Language in Katy Perry's Songs: Metaphor Theory & Stylistic Analysis and more Summaries Voice in PDF only on Docsity! 1 CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION This chapter describes two main topics; they are Research findings and Discussion. The data was taken in this study are type of figurative language and contextual meaning in Katy Perry‟s song. The writer does not only analyze literal meaning, but the writer describes of figurative language in Katy Perry‟s song using conceptual metaphor theory and style and scope of stylistic. The analysis of study based on the problems in chapter I. A. Research Findings In the research findings, it has classified data which are taken from the Katy Perry‟s song, such as: Roar song, Unconditionally song, Dark horse song, Birthday song, and Ghost song. Table 1. Types and Lyrics of “Roar” Song No. Types of Figurative Language Lyrics 1. Idiom I used to bite my tongue and hold my breath Scared to rock the boat and make a mess I got the eye of tiger, a fighter Dancing through the fire 2. Hyperbole I let you push me past the breaking point 2 3. Simile Now I‟m floating like a butterfly Stinging like a bee I earned my stripes Like thunder gonna shake the ground 4. Metaphor I went from zero, to my own hero 5. Onomatopoeia Oh oh oh oh oh oh Roar 6. Alliteration Louder, louder than lion This song “Roar” is a song that describes the spirit of women “I do believe in the power of women”. She was confused and she did not know what to do. She felt hurt, but she could do anything and resigned to the situation. Finally, she began to realize that she had to get up and try too hard. She believes that there are forces within her and struggles to turn into a better one, because she can do anything to herself. In the song, Katy Perry brings the lyrics which could encourage everyone. In particular, women around the world to make changes and something better. The story of the grudge positive after a period sidelined. Eventually, she was able to show who she really is, dazzling talent, until she could say out to the person who had put her down, that their efforts in vain. These Lyrics are: I used to bite my tongue and hold my breath Scared to rock the boat and make a mess I got the eye of tiger, a fighter 5 This song tells about unconditional love. She will do anything to get his heart. She tried to convince him that her love was genuine and it is not expect anything. Receive all the bad days and good days he has. She does not care about his past bad days, because all its ugliness will be replace to something better. Her love that does not ask anything, she loves without asking for a reward. Giving heart to someone her choose. Her acceptance of her partner, because her love is so strong to him. These lyrics are: Walk through this storm I would Never made me blink one time Based on the lyrics above, it is called hyperbole “Walk through this storm I would” because the sentence using “Walk through this storm” to declaratory the sincerity. The next lyrics, it is called hyperbole because the writer wrote “Never made me blink one time” to declaratory the faithfulness. These lyrics are an exaggerated or excessive statement. This lyric is: Acceptance is the key to be truly free It is called metaphor, because this figurative language does not use the word “like” or “as”. This figurative language is to compare part of relationship. 6 Table 3. Types and Lyrics of “Dark Horse” Song No. Types of figurative language Lyrics 1. Allusion Make me your Aphrodite She can be my Sleeping Beauty She eat heart outLikeJeffrey Dahmer 2. Idiom Boy, you should know whatachafalling for But down to earth 3. Simile „Cause I‟m coming atchalike a dark horse This love will make you levitate Like a bird without a cage She‟ll turn cold as a freezer Her love is like a drug 4. Metaphor Shawty‟sheart was on steroids 5. Hyperbole It‟s in the palm of your hand baby This song tells about challenge to the heart. She knows that she is love by him. But she suggests to be choosing carefully before love her. Never play around in love. Because if there is someone who breaks her heart, she will be responding by ruthless and she will not forgive someone who breaks her heart. But if she loved sincerely, then she will being friendly and she will give him whatever she had. So, if you want to love, identify in advance those love, so no regrets later. 7 These lyrics are: Make me your Aphrodite She eat heart out like Jeffrey Dahmer She can be my Sleeping beauty Based on the lyrics above, it is could allusion “Make me your Aphrodite” because this figurative language to reference an event “Aphrodite” the goddess of love and beauty. The next lyrics, it is allusion “She eat heart out like Jeffrey Dahmer” because this figurative language to reference a famous person “Jeffrey Dahmer” one of the most infamous serial killers of the 20 th century. The last lyrics, it is allusion “She can be my Sleeping beauty” because this figurative language to reference an event “Sleeping Beauty”. These lyrics are: Boy, you should know whatcha falling for But down to earth Based on the lyrics above, it is called idiom “Boy, you should know whatcha falling for” because a group of words “falling for” whose meaning is not understand from their literal meaning. The next lyrics, it is called idiom “But down to earth” because a group of words “down to earth” whose meaning is not understand from their literal meaning. These lyrics are: „Cause I‟m coming atcha like a dark horse 10 This lyric is: I got you spinning like a disco ball It is called simile “I got you spinning like a disco ball” because this figurative language using word “like” directly to compare herself to be a disco ball. This lyric is: I‟ll be your gift It is called metaphor, because this figurative language does not use the word “like” or “as”. This figurative language is to compare herself to be another things. Table 5.Types and Lyrics of “GHOST” Song No. Types of figurative language Lyrics 1. Metaphor And now you‟re just a ghost You could be so cold 2. Simile Like a stanger vanish like a vapor 3. Repetition „Cause every gift, every letter, every promise of forever 4. Idiom Now that I have made up my mind This song tells about the adversity. She was depressed by the events that have happened. Past days that she still remembers making grieve. Someone who she loves 11 goes away and gives her broken heart. The days have passed, but she fells empty. The shadow of her lover constantly present in his mind. These lyrics are: And now you‟re just a ghost You could be so cold Based in the lyrics above, it is called metaphor “And you‟re just a ghost” because this figurative language does not use the word “like” or “as”. This figurative language is to compare someone to be a ghost. The next lyrics, it is called metaphor “You could be so cold” because this figurative language does not use the word “like” or “as”. This figurative language is to compare someone to be so cold. This lyric is: Like a stranger vanish like a vapor It is called simile “Like a stranger vanish like a vapor” because this figurative language using word “like” directly to compare someone to be a stranger and a vapor. This lyric is: „Cause every gift, every letter, and every promise of forever It is called repetition “„Cause every gift, every letter, every promise of forever” because the sentence uses repetition words “Every” and jus changes the word after “Every”. 12 This lyric is: Now that I have made up my mind It is called idiom “Now that I have made up my mind” because a group of words “Made up my mind” whose meaning is not understand from their literal meaning. The conceptual metaphor theory was conducted by Lakoff and Johnson, schemata like theories are buildings do not structure our understanding of theories in general (the strong version), nor do they exert indirect influence on the structure of our theory knowledge (the weak version). The theory argues that figurative language is based underlying concepts. Category-inclusion assertions of form X is a Y. 15 song lyrics. The analysis focused on type of figurative language and contextual meaning of Katy Perry‟s Songs. It is important to firstly outline the context of situation. After knowing some information about song, the tenor, field, and mode are analyzed based. Tenor refers to the relationship between the people involved in the interaction. The relationship here is love relationship between Katy Perry (the author and singer) and her boyfriend or ex-boyfriend. Field refers the subject matter. These songs are about the feelings of the singer toward her boyfriend or ex-boyfriend. Katy Perry expresses her love memories and feelings through the combination of literal and figurative language used in this study. The literal language used support the analysis of figurative language used in the song lyrics. The mode can be spoken if this song is sung and written only if the lyrics are not sung. 1. Personification Personification is giving human qualities to nonhuman things. From this song, there is personification found in the lyrics. Table. Contextual meaning in the song lyrics No. Song Lyrics Contextual Meaning 1. The clock is ticking, running out of time “Time has elapsed” 16 The clock is ticking, running out of time The using stylistic analysis, it is called personification, because the word “Running” is treated like a human being. Running is an activity undertaken by human creatures that move positions; it means that the specified time has elapsed. 2. Metaphor Metaphor is a comparison of two unlike things that says one thing is another. From these songs, there are some metaphors found in the lyrics. Table. Contextual meaning in the song lyrics No. Song Lyrics Contextual Meaning 1. I went from zero, to my own hero “Part of the scale on power” 2. Acceptance is the key to be truly free “Part of the scale in love” 3. Shawty‟s heart was on steroids “A heartless person” 4. I‟ll be your gift “A special things” 5. And now you‟re just a ghost “Fear” 6. You could be so cold “Part of feelings” I went from zero, to my own hero Using conceptual metaphor theory, this lyric “I went from zero, to my own hero” is not particular words or expression. It is the mapping across conceptual 17 domains. The word “zero” as target domains is used to understand an abstract domain the word “hero” as source domain. Using stylistic analysis, it is called metaphor, because the word “zero” and “hero” are on completely different part of the scale on power. It also does not use the word “like” or “as”. The line “zero” and “hero” would be best interpreted as showing how she started as a weak person and ended up as a super confident person. Acceptance is the key to be truly free Using conceptual metaphor theory, this lyric “Acceptance is the key to be truly free” is not particular words or expression. It is the mapping across conceptual domains. The word “Acceptance” as target domains is used to understand an abstract domain the word “Key” as source domain. Using stylistic analysis, it is called metaphor, because the word “acceptance” and “key” are on completely different part of the scale in love. It also does not use the word “like” or “as”. The line “acceptance” and “key” would be best interpreted as showing how does she shows her love to someone and she does not care about his past bad days. Shawty‟s heart was on steroids Using conceptual metaphor theory, this lyric “Shawty‟s heart was on steroids” is not particular words or expression. It is the mapping across conceptual domains. The word “Heart” as target domains is used to understand an abstract domain the word “Steroid” as source domain. 20 horse 5. This love will make you levitate like a bird without a cage “Always felt happy” 6. She‟s sweet as pie “A friendship” 7. She‟ll turn cold as a freezer “A heartless person” 8. Her love is like a drug “wriggling out of mind” 9. She got me like a roller coaster “exciting or scary condition” 10. I‟ll make it like your birthday everyday “A happiness” 11. I got you spinning like a disco ball “Surprise” 12. Like a stranger vanish like a vapor “Go away without saying goodbye” Now I‟m floating like a butterfly Stinging like a bee I earned my stripes Using conceptual metaphor theory, this lyric “Now I‟m floating like a butterfly” is not particular words or expression. It is the mapping across conceptual domains. The word “I” as target domains is used to understand an abstract domain the word “Butterfly” as source domain. The next lyric “Stinging like a bee I earned my stripes” is not particular words or expression. It is the mapping across conceptual domains. The word “I” as target domains is used to understand an abstract domain the word “Bee” as source domain. 21 Using stylistic analysis, it is called simile, because the first two lines are parallel in meaning with the last lines. First, the singer felt dare to break loose, which is expressed by the lines “Now I‟m floating like a butterfly”, the word “like” to compare herself to the butterfly, it means that she is care free and she does not have to worry about things. The next line, “Stinging like a bee I earned my stripes”, the writer is using the word “like” to compare herself to a bee, it means that she feels (she is courageous and she did a good job for standing up). You hear my voice, your hear that sound Like thunder gonna shake the ground Using conceptual metaphor theory, this lyric above is not particular words or expression. It is the mapping across conceptual domains. The word “Voice” as target domains is used to understand an abstract domain the word “Thunder” as source domain. Using stylistic analysis, it is called simile, because when the writer using the word “like” to compare herself to the power of the thunder; it means that she will make sure that she makes an impact to her act of standing up. „Cause I‟m coming atcha like a dark horse Using conceptual metaphor theory, this lyric “„Cause I‟m coming atcha like a dark horse” is not particular words or expression. It is the mapping across conceptual domains. The word “I” as target domains is used to understand an abstract domain the word “Dark Horse” as source domain. 22 Using stylistic analysis, it is called simile, because when the writer using word “like” to compare herself to be a horse, it means that her love will be strong more than the others. This love will make you levitate like a bird without a cage Using conceptual metaphor theory, this lyric “This love will make you levitate like a bird without a cage” is not particular words or expression. It is the mapping across conceptual domains. The word “Love” as target domains is used to understand an abstract domain the word “Bird” as source domain. Using stylistic analysis, it is called simile, because when the writer using word “like” to compare her love to be a bird, it means that love can make someone always felt happiness. She‟s sweet as pie She‟ll turn cold as a freezer Using conceptual metaphor theory, this lyric “She‟s sweet as pie” is not particular words or expression. It is the mapping across conceptual domains. The word “She” as target domains is used to understand an abstract domain the word “Pie” as source domain. The next lyric “She‟ll turn cold as a freezer” is not particular words or expression. It is the mapping across conceptual domains. The word “She” as target domains is used to understand an abstract domain the word “Freezer” as source domain. 25 Using stylistic analysis, it is called simile, because when the writer wrote the word “like” to compare herself to be a stranger and a vapor, it means that her boyfriend changed his behavior and he suddenly goes away without saying goodbye. 4. Hyperbole Hyperbole is an exaggeration that cannot possible be true. From these songs, there are some hyperboles found in the lyrics. Table. Contextual meaning in the song lyrics No. Song Lyrics Contextual Meaning 1. I let you push me past the breaking point ” Frustrated” 2. Never made me blink one time “Faithfulness” 3. Walk through this storm I would “Everything will do it” 4. Turn the bedroom into a fair “Comfortable room” I let you push me past the breaking point Using stylistic analysis, it is called hyperbole, because when the writer wrote “I let you push me past the breaking point”, it is not in a literal sense. What she meant is that a person got on her nerves so much that she could not stand it anymore, which is represented by her “frustrated”. 26 Never made me blink one time Using stylistic analysis, this lyric is a hyperbole because she is exaggerating that she got faithfulness. This line literally means that she really loved him; her love does not care about anything. Walk through this storm I would Using stylistic analysis, this lyric is clearly a hyperbole. Because no one can walking out through to the storm. Humans in general will be died if walking the storm. Therefore, it can be said that “walk through this storm” here means that “She can do anything to her love”. Turn the bedroom into a fair Using stylistic analysis, this lyric is clearly a hyperbole, because she is not a magician. It means that she can change into a comfortable room. 5. Allusion Allusion is a reference to a famous person, place, or event. From the “Dark Horse” song, there are some allusions found in the lyrics. Table. Contextual meaning in the song lyrics No. Song Lyrics Contextual Meaning 1. Make me your Aphrodite “Revered” 2. She eat heart out like Jeffrey Dahmer “A crueler” 27 3. She can be my Sleeping Beauty “a prettier is hard founded” Make me your Aphrodite Using conceptual metaphor theory, this lyric “Make me your Aphrodite” is not particular words or expression. It is the mapping across conceptual domains. The word “Me” as target domains is used to understand an abstract domain the word “Aphrodite” as source domain. Using stylistic analysis, this lyric is clearly an allusion. She is a reference to a famous person (Aphrodite) the goddess of love and beauty and according to Hesiod‟s Theogony, she was born from the foam in the waters of Paphos, on the island of Cyprus, it means that she want to be glorified. She eat heart out like Jeffrey Dahmer Using conceptual metaphor theory, this lyric “She eat heart out like Jeffrey Dahmer” is not particular words or expression. It is the mapping across conceptual domains. The word “She” as target domains is used to understand an abstract domain the word “Jeffry Dahmer” as source domain. Using stylistic analysis, this lyric is clearly an allusion. She is a reference to a famous person (Jeffrey Dahmer) one of the most infamous serial killers of the 20 th century; his crimes included luring victims into his home and strangling them before dismembering their bodies, it means that she could be a woman who is crueler than the Jeffry Dahmer. 30 Oh oh oh oh oh oh Roar Using stylistic analysis, it is called onomatopoeia, because this is a sound “Oh oh oh oh oh oh” the writer make when it sing or shout, it means that she put this in the song because it made the song longer. The next lines, it is called onomatopoeia. Because the word “Roar” the writer using the sound a lion or tiger, it means that she put this in the song to make her sound powerful. 9. Idiom Idiom is a group of words whose meaning is not understood from their literal meaning. From these songs, there are some idioms found in the lyrics. Table. Contextual meaning in the song lyrics No. Song Lyrics Contextual Meaning 1. I used to bite my tongue and hold my breath “Waiting for something bad to happen” 2. Scared to rock the boat and make a mess “Afraid and get trouble” 3. I got the eye of tiger, a fighter “Focused on herself” 4. Dancing through the fire “Hurt to stand up” 5. Boy, you should know whatcha falling for “decided and falling in love” 31 6. But down to earth “Practical and realistic” 7. Now that I have made up my mind “Decision” I used to bite my tongue and hold my breath Scared to rock the boat and make a mess Using stylistic analysis, it is called idiom, because when the writer wrote “I used to bite my tongue and hold my breath”. It tells that she did not actually bite her tongue and hold her breath, that would hurt her tongue and she would probably pass out from the lack of oxygen. It means that she was waiting for something bad to happen. The next lines “Scared to rock the boat and make a mess”. It tells that she could not actually rock a boat and splash water everywhere, but it means that she was afraid to disturb the situation and get trouble. I got the eye of tiger, a fighter Dancing through the fire Using stylistic analysis, it is called idiom, because when the writer wrote “I got the eye of tiger”, it tells that she does not have a tiger eye. But, it means that she is focused on herself and her success, not about somebody else. The next lines “Dancing through the fire”, it tells that she could not actually dance through a fire, she would get injured. But, it means that if it hurt to stand up she will make it through. 32 Boy, you should know whatcha falling for But down to earth Using stylistic analysis, it is called idiom, because when the writer wrote “falling for”, it tells that she did not actually fall and pain. It means that she warned that he should not easily decided and fell in love with her. The next line “down to earth”, she did not fall and get injured. But, it means that she was practical and realistic in her life. Now that I have made up my mind Using stylistic analysis, it is called idiom, because when the writer wrote “made up my mind”, it tells that she was not actually thinking about something. It means that she has taken a decision what should she does.