Hero's Journey and Mythological Epics: A Comparative Study of Gilgamesh and Herakles, Quizzes of Classical Philology

Download Hero's Journey and Mythological Epics: A Comparative Study of Gilgamesh and Herakles and more Quizzes Classical Philology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 epos (different in degree) DEFINITION 1 Legend *bigger *stronger than normal humans TERM 2 Journey DEFINITION 2 *depart *quest, troubles, trials (world is harsh) TERM 3 Fate/destiny DEFINITION 3 the hero has a choice fate or destiny usually intervene TERM 4 one part of the hero is... DEFINITION 4 Divine... *mixed marriage TERM 5 Hero kills.. DEFINITION 5 *monsters *things that threaten the culture *enemies of the community TERM 6 Hero dies... DEFINITION 6 gets a special status after death soul doesnt go to underworld soul stays on earth hero is buried in a shrine made for them, which radiates strength, protection and power TERM 7 Pattern of the Hero (birth) DEFINITION 7 mixed status divine human parents birth/childhood--> superior abilities in childhood or at puberty TERM 8 pattern of the hero (childhood) DEFINITION 8 signs of superior abilities in childhood or at puberty separation... removal from family due to threat TERM 9 pattern of the hero (departure) DEFINITION 9 education---> mysterious teacher call to adventure---> desire for glory/mission the sidekick--> double Journey--> unexplored terrain exploits--> monsters encounters--> young women/old women/ old man TERM 10 pattern of hero (return/death) DEFINITION 10 failure--> death of sidekick reconciliation---> bond with others death of hero---hero's death TERM 21 Gilgamesh and Enkidu (after council) DEFINITION 21 Enkidu falls ill. He has an operatic death and tells Gilgamesh of his visions. Visions of Ereshkigal (underworld)..not pleasant visions. There they serve gods of the underworld. everyone is equal and there are no social distinctions, no joy, no existence. He then dies, and Gilgamesh denies he is dead, and refuses to bury him until maggots crawl out of him... TERM 22 Gilgamesh and Enkidu (death of Enkidu) DEFINITION 22 Gilgamesh gets a craftsman to build a statue of Enkidu. (Stones, gems, and precious metals) Gilgamesh is consumed by grief for Enkidu and himself He decides to try and find uta-napishtim (to become immortal) & wife..he knows only humans (mortals) can become immortal. TERM 23 Gilgamesh and Enkidu (land of living) DEFINITION 23 He wanders for many years. By the time he reaches Utnapishtim he looks as wild as Enkidu did when he was first created. He finally gets to land of living (weird garden) - grows gems as fruit, garden at the end of the earth. This answers the question "what do gods eat?" -gems (fruit)...very pure TERM 24 Gilgamesh finds Uta-napishtim and wife DEFINITION 24 they both try to dissuade him from wanting to be immortal...uta- napishtim offers gilgamesh a way to become immortal. He has to stay away for 7 days and 7 nights. He falls asleep immediately. His wife lays loaf of bread by him everyday. After 7 days Gilgamesh wakes up and has 7 loaves of moldy bread to prove he was sleeping. He gets a bath and is given a robe so he never gets dirty. He must throw robe into the river when he gets back to Uruk and it will wash back to Uta-napishtim. TERM 25 Gilgamesh (immortality) DEFINITION 25 He is told of a plant that will make him immortal which is at the bottom of a deep lake. He finds the plant and plans on bringing it back to Uruk to share with very old men. On his way back he finds a pond and decides to take a bath. A snake stole the plant and ate it. He finally returns to Uruk beaten, humbled. He is now the bad king who returns as the good king. He builds walls of Uruk and inscribes his story in tablets, and then dies like all humans. TERM 26 Pattern of Gilgamesh DEFINITION 26 bad king--> turns into good king Loss of sidekick Long journey death TERM 27 Herakles DEFINITION 27 "glory of Hera" Son of Alemena & Zeus. Alemena was married to Amphitryon and they had a son Iphicles. Hera- cles..glory. Super strength. Hera puts snakes into is crib when hes a baby. He strangles them. He was sent away as a baby because his life was in threat. Sent to school of Cheiron. School for heros. Had 7 teachers. TERM 28 "alexikakos"... DEFINITION 28 keeps evil away TERM 29 Herakles continued.. DEFINITION 29 He had 7 teachers in the school for heros. Heros usually had one teacher. He was a "gymnastike" liked to do things naked, and physical sports. He was frustrated he couldnt play music so he killed his music teacher b/c he can't control his anger. He marries Megara and has 5 children. Hera drives him crazy and he murders his wife and children and is forced to do 12 labors to atone for murder. TERM 30 12 Labors of Herakles 1-2 DEFINITION 30 1. Sent to wrestle a lion (Nemean lion, offspring of Typhoeus) Lions skin is so thick it can't be pierced. So he kills the lion with his bare hands and skins it and then wears the head and skin. 2. Hydra- connection to Typhoeus. Lives in marsh (Lernea, entrance to the underworld). Nephew helps him kill Hydra, and Nephew cuts off the heads while Herakles burns the necks so the heads wont grow back. TERM 31 12 labors of Herakles 3-5 DEFINITION 31 3. Catch deer- he catches it with the help of Athena and returns it to Artemis 4. Erymanthean Boar- it destroys crops so Herakles goes with the Gods (they use weapons) and he wrestles the boar and kills it. 5. Augean Stables- Augeas is a king and owns lots of horses. Heracles diverts river to clean stables TERM 32 12 Labors of Herakles 6-8 DEFINITION 32 6. Stymphalian Birds- Live in marsh (entrance to the underworld) They are evil birds and attack people. He uses a slingshot to kill the birds 7. Bull- Goes to Island of Crete to pick up the bull and take back to Greece. 8. Herd of man eating horses- collects horses and brings back. TERM 33 12 Labors of Herakles 9-10 DEFINITION 33 9. Girdle/belt- He was sent to get the belt from the Queen of the Amazons and ends up killing many Amazons. He strangles the queen and violates Xenia. 10. Geryon- sent to steal cattle. He borrows cup of sun to get there. Geryon has one pair of legs and three sets of bodies (polymorphic). He is connected to the underworld/ground. Herakles defeats him and rescues the cattle TERM 34 12 labors of Herakles 11-12 DEFINITION 34 11. Garden of Hesperides- ladies of the west. The garden has a fruit tree from which gods eat. Heracles must get a piece of fruit in which he either kills the snake guarding the fruit or he is given the fruit (adam and eve?) 12. Cerberus- has 3 heads and is the guard dog of the underworld. Herakles must take cerberus and he bring him back to Eurytheus. Eurytheus is frightened. TERM 35 Side deed of labor # 4 DEFINITION 35 Centaurs- Herakles believes he is being attacked so he fights the centaurs. He ends up killing Pholus (uses a bow and arrow). Cheiron shows up and picks up the bow and arrow which is poisoned because it was dipped in Hydra's blood. Cheiron drops it on his foot and doesn't die but is forever injured. TERM 46 Medusa DEFINITION 46 gorgon, shes the one Perseus is after. He must get magical help from Hermes. He will get a helmet of invisibility, winged sandals, satchel for the head, a sword and shield. However the items are hidden and only the nymphs know where. Nymphs are also hidden and Graeae know where they are. Graeaea only has one eye and one tooth between them so Perseus steals the eye and gets the equipment/items and beheads Medusa. TERM 47 Medusa DEFINITION 47 Medusa was once beautiful but after being raped by Zeus in Athenas temple she is turned into a Gorgon. After she is beheaded Pegasus appears. He is the son of Medusa and Poseidon. TERM 48 Perseus journey DEFINITION 48 He now has the head of Gorgon and goes back to Seriphos. On his way back he finds Andromeda chained to a rock because she is being punished for being beautiful and is being sacrificed to the sea monster. So he bargains with Cepheus to marry Andromeda. They have a child Perses and leave it with Cepheus while heading back to Seriphos. He then lithifies Polydectes with Gorgon head. Dictys and Danae finally get married. They live in mainland greece. TERM 49 Perseus goes to games DEFINITION 49 he throws a discuss and accidentally decapitates Acrisus (his grandfather). Oracle prophecy comes true. He then returns the items to Hermes and the shield to athena. Gorgon head attached to Athena's aegis. Gorgon's eye is evil, eye of envy. TERM 50 Trojan War DEFINITION 50 -Euhemerist -archeology (abundant evidence) -Iliad Held in Troy 1180 BC - mythological world between Greeks and Asians -Trojans vs Greeks -Mycenaen period TERM 51 Legend of Troy DEFINITION 51 Greek forces led by king Agamemnon of Mycenae. -Heroic age Leda and the swan. Zeus rapes Leda and they have two sets of twins *Helen and Clytemnestra and Castor and Polydeuces Helen and Castor get more divinity Clytemnestra and Polydeuces get more humanity. TERM 52 Legend of Troy Contd DEFINITION 52 Helen is the most beautiful. She is paired to marry Menelaus (brother of Agamemnon). TERM 53 Thetis DEFINITION 53 finally comes of age and Zeus and Poseidon are interested. Oracle says that child will be stronger than father. Zeus and Poseidon marry her to Peleus. He has to catch her...They get married and everyone is invited except for ERIS. she throws the apple and Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite fight over who is most beautiful. Aphrodite bribes Paris (trojan prince) with Helen..he picks her and runs away with Helen (or taken away).They go back to Troy TERM 54 Father Prian and 49 brothers DEFINITION 54 greek men have duty to get Helen back to Menelaus. Achilles is then sent to help. He is son of Thetis. She knows if he goes to war that he will die so she dresses him up as a woman. Finally he is tricked by Odysseus into revealing he is male and now must go to war. TERM 55 Artemis angry at Agamemnon DEFINITION 55 he kills one of her favorite deer. He offers daughter Iphigenia to Achilles for marriage. -Either Agamemnon sacrifices her to Artemis or she disappears and turns into deer to replace the one he killed. TERM 56 Iliad Battle of Troy DEFINITION 56 Homer, 850BCE covers a couple weeks in 9th year of the Trojan War. -fight breaks out...Agamemnon vs. Achilles. Agamemnon has a slave girl named Chryseis. Her father offers him ransom for her return but Agamemnon refuses. - Plague ensues and he returns the girl. So he then decides to take Achilles slave girl "briseis". TERM 57 Iliad Battle of Troy contd DEFINITION 57 Achilles pulls himself and his men out of battle and goes to his mother Thetis...he asks Zeus to punish the Greeks while he isnt fighting in battle. Agamemnon begs Achilles to come back to battle and offers his slave girl back to him and other gerata offered too.But Achilles refuses to come back. TERM 58 Heroic Code DEFINITION 58 warriors want to die heroically -go into battle, fight inconspicuously and do something special. TERM 59 Gerata DEFINITION 59 prizes from battle, sacking of cities, stripping of armor the more you have the more honor and glory you have. TERM 60 Achilles DEFINITION 60 best friend is Patroclus who is killed by Hector. He refuses to bury him and only after Patroclus' ghost asks him to bury him he does. Achilles is changed because of grief. He sets up games for his funeral. Achilles does not compete. Prizes for the games come from his own gerata and everyone gets a prize win or lose. giving up his time is (honor) and (glory) TERM 71 Details of the 3 tasks far fall of Troy DEFINITION 71 Neoptolemus is Achilles son. He is given his fathers armor and presides over his funeral. Bow of Heracles--- Philoctetes has Heracles bow..he gets bitten by a snake and is wounded then stranded on island of lemnos...waited for 10 yrs. Odysseus gets him back and gets the bow. statue in troy-- Odysseus sneaks in and gets the statue of Athena TERM 72 Who kills Paris? DEFINITION 72 Philoctetes TERM 73 Trojan Horse DEFINITION 73 Odysseus and Athena design the Trojan Horse. Greeks leave Horse outside gates of Troy...then pretend to leave..Trojans take the horse into the city. Greek warriors inside led by Odysseus. Helen walks around the horse 3 times and imitates the voice of wives of men inside..she calls to them...Odysseus keeps his men under control. Trojans get drunk and then Greeks attack. Greeks violate all riles of war. TERM 74 Peitho vs Bia DEFINITION 74 female uses peitho (persuasion)...Helen uses it on the men inside the Trojan horse.. men/heros use bia- violence. TERM 75 When Odysseus takes charge in the Trojan horse DEFINITION 75 shift occurs from bia to peitho...male to female TERM 76 Cassandra DEFINITION 76 prophecing the downfall of Troy for 10 years but was curse so no one believed her. She was raped by ajax and then Ajax was killed by Athena TERM 77 Who killed Ajax and why? DEFINITION 77 Athena because he raped Cassandra TERM 78 Nostoi DEFINITION 78 homecoming the narrative shifts from war to homecoming TERM 79 3 stories of homecoming after war DEFINITION 79 Agamemnon comes home to wife. Wife kills him in bath because he killed their daughter Menelaus comes home to find Deiphobus. He kills her and is about to kill Helen yet she says or does something to stop him. They go home to Sparta and when its time for them to die the gods make them immortal. Odysseus--> TERM 80 Sisyphus DEFINITION 80 trickster, great liar and sinner of Greece he outs Zeus for hiding a girl to her father. Zeus sends Thanatos to Sisyphus. He hides death in a closet for a year then Gods find it..and Sysyphus is taken to the underworld. No funeral rights performed. He then goes back to earth to tell his wife to perform the funeral and stays on earth till his natural death...hes punished in later death TERM 81 Autolycus DEFINITION 81 liar, steals has the power to change color of animals and makes them disappear. He steals cattle from Sisyphus who labels his cattle. Sisyphus confronts Autolycus and they become friend. Sisyphus sleeps with Anticlea. TERM 82 Odysseus' trick to avoid war DEFINITION 82 He marries Penelope and pretends to be crazy so he doesnt have to go to war. Palamedes plays trick on him to show that he isnt crazy...and the first thing Odysseus does in troy is kill Palamedes TERM 83 Odyssey DEFINITION 83 return of Odysseus and return of other soldiers -- adventure/revenge TERM 84 Agamemnon DEFINITION 84 tragedy, killed by wife TERM 85 Menelaus DEFINITION 85 comedy, fairytale, lives long life TERM 96 10. Isle of Cattle of Sun DEFINITION 96 365 cattle, sacred heard of cattle. Not allowed to eat. Stuck on the isle and run out of food. They catch fish and mean steal and eat a cow. Thunderbolt strikes the men and all are dead bu Odysseus. TERM 97 11. Calypso DEFINITION 97 island of immortal nymph.. "concealer/hider" Odysseus stays for 7 years because Calypso wont let him go. She offers him immortality and eternal youth. He refuses...he weeps for his wife and son everyday. After 7 years gods intervene and make Calypso let him go. He then makes a raft and sets sail TERM 98 12. Phaeacians DEFINITION 98 Island, he is shipwrecked. People of the gods live here. Odysseus encounters Nausicaa (daughter of king). She falls in love with Odysseus and offers herself to him and he refuses. He participates in Athletic games and wins all the games. He then asks to be sent back to Ithaca and they send him a magical ship and give him presents. He wakes up on a beach of Ithaca..Athena reveals herself to him and turns him into a beggar. 108 suitors courting Penelope (his wife) plotting to kill Telemachus (son) TERM 99 12..contd DEFINITION 99 Penelope doesnt want to marry but cant turn them away and is waiting for Telemachus to grow up. Gets men to wait for decision until she finishes weaving burial shroud. She weaves everyday and every night she unweaves what shes done. Beggar arrives and she talks to him..sets up contest of BOW..shoot arrow through 12 axe heads and be new husband. 108 men find out she tricked them for 3 yrs. She must make decision..Beggar asks to shoot and wins then reveals hes Odysseus. Telemachus locks the suitors in palace TERM 100 12...contd again DEFINITION 100 Athena helps kill the suitors...musicians play wedding music to cover up the noise of the slaughter. Penelope and Odysseus meet and she pretends she doesnt know who he is...