Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis: Key Terms and Definitions, Quizzes of Psychology

Download Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis: Key Terms and Definitions and more Quizzes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Allele DEFINITION 1 a pair of genes found on a corresponding chromosome that affect the same trait page? TERM 2 Amneocentesis DEFINITION 2 a commonly used invasive provcedure conducted between the fourteenth and 20th week of gestation to determine the genetic status of the fetus; it involved withdrawing and analyzing amneotic fluid TERM 3 Autosomes DEFINITION 3 the 22 pairs of chromosomes simmilar in size and shape that each human being normally posseses in addition to the sex chromosomes. TERM 4 Chronic Villus Biopsy DEFINITION 4 An invasive procedure performed between 9 and a half and 12 and a half weeks of gestation to determine genetic characteristics of the fetus. The physician inserts a thin catheter through the vagina and the cervix and into the uterus, removing a small plug of villous tissue TERM 5 DNA DEFINITION 5 the active biochemical substance of genes that programs the cells to manufacture vital protien substances TERM 6 dominant character DEFINITION 6 in genetics, the property of an allele (gene) that completely masks or hides the other paired allele , as in AA or Aa TERM 7 Fetoscopy DEFINITION 7 a procedure that allows a physician to examine the featus directly through a lens after inserting a very narrow tube into the uterus TERM 8 Genes DEFINITION 8 Small units of heredity located on the chromosome that transmit inherited characteristics from biological parents to children TERM 9 genetic counseling DEFINITION 9 a process whereby physicians and specialists counsel couples about concerns they may have about inherited desieses in their family history TERM 10 genotype DEFINITION 10 the genetic makeup of an organism TERM 21 Blastocyst DEFINITION 21 the gell like fluid filled ball of cells produced after the zygote moves through early meotic cell division. The blastocyst gradually moves to the uterus and implants itselff into the uterine wall to nourish itself and become the embryo. TERM 22 Critical Period DEFINITION 22 the time of development for the embryo when each organ and structure is most vulnerable to damaging influences. TERM 23 Dizygotic DEFINITION 23 conception of multiple non-identical siblings TERM 24 Embryo DEFINITION 24 the developing organism from the time the time the blastocyst implants itself in the uterine wall until the organism becomes a recognizable human featus. TERM 25 Embryonic Period DEFINITION 25 the second stage of pre-natal development, the period from the end of the second week to the end of the eigth week of gestation. TERM 26 fetal period DEFINITION 26 the third stage of prenatal development, extending from the end of the eigth week until birth TERM 27 fetus DEFINITION 27 the developing organism during the fetal period while in the mother's womb. TERM 28 germinal period DEFINITION 28 the first stage of prenatal development, which extends from conception until the end of the second week. TERM 29 monozygotic DEFINITION 29 identical twins. conception of multiple, identical siblings from one fertalized egg. TERM 30 prenatal diagnosis DEFINITION 30 a determination of the health and condition of an unborn fetus. TERM 31 sex-linked triats DEFINITION 31 traits other than gender that are affected by genes found on the sex chromosomes. for example, hemophelia is a sex- linked characteristic carried on the X-chromosome. TERM 32 teratogen DEFINITION 32 any agent that contributes to birth defects or anamolies. TERM 33 teratology DEFINITION 33 the study of teratogens and birth defects. TERM 34 Abortion DEFINITION 34 spontaneous or induced expulsion of the featus prior to the time of variability, occuring most often during the first 20 weeks of the human gestation period. TERM 35 Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART's) DEFINITION 35 scientific technological options used to increase a woman's chance of becoming pregnant when conception does not occur through heterosexual intercourse.