Terminology and Definitions in Business Ethics, Criminal Law, and Cybercrime, Quizzes of Business and Labour Law

Download Terminology and Definitions in Business Ethics, Criminal Law, and Cybercrime and more Quizzes Business and Labour Law in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 social responsibility of business DEFINITION 1 the expectations that a community places on the actions of firms inside that community's borders TERM 2 WPH approach (to ethical decision making) DEFINITION 2 a set of ethical guidelines that urges us to consider whom an action affects, the purpose of the action, and how we view its morality (whether by utilitarian ethics, deontology, etc.) TERM 3 stakeholders DEFINITION 3 the groups of people affected by a firm's decisions TERM 4 values DEFINITION 4 positive abstractions that capture our sense of what is good and desirable TERM 5 actus reus DEFINITION 5 latin for "guilty act;" a wrongful behavior that is associated with the physical act of a declared crime TERM 6 mens rea DEFINITION 6 latin for "guilty mind;" the mental state accompanying a wrongful behavior TERM 7 liability without fault DEFINITION 7 a legal term that imposes responsibility for damages regardless of the existence of negligence. Also called strict liability TERM 8 felony DEFINITION 8 a serious crime, such as murder, rape, or robbery, that is punishable by imprisonment for more than one year or death TERM 9 misdemeanor DEFINITION 9 a crime that is less serious than a felony and is punishable by a fine and/or imprisonment for less than one year TERM 10 petty offense DEFINITION 10 a minor crime that is punishable by a small fine and/or imprisonment for less than six months in jail TERM 21 cyber terrorist DEFINITION 21 a hacker whose intention is the exploitation of a target computer or network to create a serious impact, such as the crippling of a communications network or the sabotage of a business or organization, which may have an impact on millions of citizens if the terrorist's attack is successful TERM 22 virus DEFINITION 22 a computer program that rearranges, damages, destroys, or replaces computer data TERM 23 strict liability offense DEFINITION 23 offense for which no mens rea is requried TERM 24 vicarious liability DEFINITION 24 the liability or responsibility imposed on a person, a party, or an organization for damages caused by another; most commonly used in relation to employment, with the employer held vicariously liable for damages caused by its employees TERM 25 arrest DEFINITION 25 the action in which the police, or a person acting under the law, seize, hold, or take an individual into custody TERM 26 probable cause DEFINITION 26 any essential element and/or standard by which a lawful officer may make a valid arrest, conduct a personal or property search, or obtain a warrant TERM 27 miranda rights DEFINITION 27 the rights that are read to an arrested individual by a law enforcement agent before the individual is questioned about the commission of a crime TERM 28 booking DEFINITION 28 after an individual is arrested, the procedure during which the name of the defendant and the alleged crime are recorded in the investigating agency's or police department's records TERM 29 first appearance DEFINITION 29 the initial appearance of an arrested individual before a judge who determines whether there was probable cause for the arrest. If the judge ascertains that probable cause did not exist, the individual is freed TERM 30 bail DEFINITION 30 a thing of value, such as a money bail bond or any other form of property, that is given to the court to temporarily allow a person's release from jail and to ensure his or her appearance in court TERM 31 information DEFINITION 31 a document prepared by the prosecutor and presented to the magistrate, demonstrating that there is enough evidence to charge the defendant and bring him or her to trial TERM 32 indictment DEFINITION 32 finding by the grand jury that there is adequate evidence to charge the defendant and bring him or her to trial TERM 33 arraignment DEFINITION 33 the first appearance in court by the defendant, at which the defendant is advised of the pending charges, the right to counsel, and the right to trial by jury and he or she enters a plea to the charge TERM 34 nolo contendere DEFINITION 34 a plea in which the defendant does not admit guilt but agrees not to contest the charges TERM 35 petit jury DEFINITION 35 a group of 6 or 12 citizens who are summoned to a sworn by the court to hear evidence presented by both sides and render a verdict in trial