Intelligence Theories and Concepts: A Comprehensive Overview, Quizzes of Psychology

Download Intelligence Theories and Concepts: A Comprehensive Overview and more Quizzes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 intelligence DEFINITION 1 a set of cognitive skills that include abstract thinking , reasoning , problem solving, and the ability to acquire knowledge. TERM 2 g-factor theory DEFINITION 2 Spearman's theory that intelligence is a single general (g) factor made up of specific components. TERM 3 multiple-factor theory of intelligence DEFINITION 3 idea that intelligence consists of distinct dimensions and is not just a single factor. TERM 4 fluid intelligence DEFINITION 4 the ability to think through a problem one has never confronted before and recognize patterns they may lead to solution. TERM 5 crystallized intelligence DEFINITION 5 the kind of knowledge that one gains from experience and learning , education, and practice. TERM 6 general intelligence DEFINITION 6 one of Carroll's three levels of intelligence ; very similar to Spearman's concept "g". TERM 7 broad intelligence DEFINITION 7 one of Carroll's three level of intelligence that includes abilities such as crystallized and fluid intelligence , as well as memory, learning, and processing speed. TERM 8 narrow intelligence DEFINITION 8 one of Carroll's three levels of intelligence that many distinct abilities. TERM 9 successful intelligence DEFINITION 9 according to Sternberg, an integrated set of abilities needed to attain success in life. TERM 10 triarchic theory of intelligence DEFINITION 10 Strenberg's three-part model of intelligence, including analytic, creative, and practical intelligence. TERM 21 down syndrome DEFINITION 21 a chromosomal disorder characterized by mild to profound mental retardation. TERM 22 prodigy DEFINITION 22 a young person who is extremely gifted and precocious in one area and at least average age in intelligence. TERM 23 savant syndrome DEFINITION 23 a very rare condition in which people with serious mental handicaps also show isolated areas of ability or brilliance. TERM 24 reaction range DEFINITION 24 for a given trait , such as IQ, the generically determined range of responses by an individual to his or her environment. TERM 25 convergent thinking problems DEFINITION 25 problems that have known solutions and require analytic thinking and crystallized intelligence to come up with the correct answer. TERM 26 divergent thinking problems DEFINITION 26 problems that have no known solutions and require novel solutions. TERM 27 algorithms DEFINITION 27 a step-by-step procedure or formula for solving a problem. TERM 28 mental set DEFINITION 28 a tendency to continue to use problem- solving strategies that have worked in the past , even if better solutions are available. TERM 29 eureka insight or insight solutions DEFINITION 29 sudden solutions that come to mind in a flash. TERM 30 thinking outside the box DEFINITION 30 approach to problem solving that requires breaking free self- imposed conceptual constraints and thinking about problem differently in order to solve it. TERM 31 fixation DEFINITION 31 the inability to break out of a particular mind-set in order to think about a problem from a fresh perspective. TERM 32 functional fixedness DEFINITION 32 mind-set in which one is blind to unusual uses of common everyday things or procedures. TERM 33 creativity DEFINITION 33 thinking and/ or behavior that is both novel- and original and useful- adaptive. TERM 34 genius DEFINITION 34 high intelligence combined with creative accomplishments that have a tremendous impact on a given field. TERM 35 indeational fluency DEFINITION 35 the ability to produce many ideas.