Factors Influencing Dialect: Social, Geographical, Economic, and Psychological Factors, Quizzes of English Language

Download Factors Influencing Dialect: Social, Geographical, Economic, and Psychological Factors and more Quizzes English Language in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 external factors DEFINITION 1 social factors that influence dialect TERM 2 Things that affect dialect DEFINITION 2 Settlement, migration, geographical factors, language contact, economic ecology, social stratification, social interaction, group identity TERM 3 settlement DEFINITION 3 finding a spot and establishing a community there (not usually peaceful)settlement patterns of groups pf speakers explains dialects when one group comes over to another area to make that new area their home. Initial phase (when people first come), clash of that contact or a blend of that contact, and in that settlement is a development of a new language. TERM 4 migration DEFINITION 4 when you move an take language with youonce primary population centers are established, dialect boundaries will often follow the major migratory routes from these areas TERM 5 geographical factors DEFINITION 5 like mountains, lakes, etc.not necessarily because of topography but because rivers, lakes, mountains, valleys determine the routes that peopel take and where they settle TERM 6 language contact DEFINITION 6 who you come into contact with.contact with speakers of other languages often takes place during the course of the establishment of new settlements and subsequent migration from these initial settlements. TERM 7 economic ecology DEFINITION 7 what you do for a living, how career influences conversationhow people earn their living if you live in a farming community, you learn terms about weather, plowing, etc. TERM 8 social stratification DEFINITION 8 layers in between social class (ex. social differences, how we live $, standard english)mostly about classes TERM 9 social interaction DEFINITION 9 speech community - a group of people you communicate with they are layered. who people talk to on a regular basis how we behave and who we like on an individual level makes a difference in the level of dialect. It makes a difference in our idiolect (individual dialect) but also in dialect as a whole. TERM 10 social networks DEFINITION 10 communication networks in terms of individual patters of interaction can be dense and multiplex(you aren't susceptible from change from outside) or lax and uniplex TERM 21 density DEFINITION 21 the extent to which members of a social network all interact with one another (everyone knows everyone else, it is high density) TERM 22 multiplexity DEFINITION 22 the extent to which people interact with the same people in different spheres of activity (in work, in leisure, ,activities, etc.) TERM 23 Mulitplex networks DEFINITION 23 interact with the same people in different social arenas TERM 24 uniplex networks DEFINITION 24 interact with different sets of people in different social spheres TERM 25 community of practice DEFINITION 25 an aggregate of people who come together around some enterprise and which is simultaneously defined by its membership and the shared practices in which that membership engageswith a certain group of friends, they didnt really talk about work, they talked about kids, running, etc. but they wouldnt talk about linguistic theory. TERM 26 speech community DEFINITION 26 a group of people with shared norms or common evaluations of linguistic variables. TERM 27 "top-down" approach DEFINITION 27 we begin by focusing on large social aggregates such as cities or regions then move to individuals and their various interconnections TERM 28 group identity DEFINITION 28 people often want to be considered as part of a particular social group and so they project their identity with this group in a number of ways including talking like other members of the group TERM 29 linguistic explanation DEFINITION 29 there are underlying principles of language variation and change that guide the ways in which the dialects of a language may differ from each other TERM 30 changes from within DEFINITION 30 patterns within each language system are constantly being adjusted and readjusted on the basis of how the particular system is organized, resulting in language changes take place apart from the influence of other languages TERM 31 changes from outside DEFINITION 31 when changes take place due to language contact TERM 32 ways american dialects differ DEFINITION 32 rule extension, analogy, transparency, gramaticalization TERM 33 two types of analogy DEFINITION 33 four-part/ proportional TERM 34 four-part/proportional analogy DEFINITION 34 changing the form of words that derive their meaning in an irregular way so that they conform to the shape of words that derive this meaning in a more regular or predominant way TERM 35 leveling (book) DEFINITION 35 taking a grammatically conditioned set of forms and making the forms more similar or identicalI is, you is, he is, i was, you was, they was, I weren't, she weren't, he just don't understand me, joe helped hisself to more potatoes, she weren't there yesterday TERM 46 Social network theory DEFINITION 46 Loosely tied network A dad that lives an hour away from work is all day at work, comes home around 7 or 8. He is much more receptive to change from the outside because he does not interact as much with the community in which he lives. TERM 47 dense mulitplex DEFINITION 47 When you talk to the same people over and over again. When you have tightly woven networks, language from the outside is not going to get in very quickly or easily, but once it does get in, it spreads very quickly. TERM 48 the level of conscious behavior DEFINITION 48 it is under our radar and we are not necessarily aware that it is going on TERM 49 Linguistic reasons why languages have dialects DEFINITION 49 Internal change vs external TERM 50 Internal DEFINITION 50 processes that are internal to the brain, based on deep embedded schematics in our brain (Internal to your brain) TERM 51 gramaticalization DEFINITION 51 when you have a form that is used in a particular way and is used so often that it is made into the grammar and becomes a grammatical form (valley girl speak two products are like and all which have become gramaticalized as quotatative like and all)