Chapters 1 & 2 Study Guide, Study notes of Chemistry

Download Chapters 1 & 2 Study Guide and more Study notes Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity! Revised: 2020-09-07 Name: Date: Per: Chapters 1 & 2 Study Guide DIRECTIONS: Fill in the blank(s). 1. Matter is anything that has mass & occupies space. 2. The variable manipulated in an experiment by the researcher is called the independent variable. 3. The variable measured by a researcher in an experiment is called the dependent variable. 4. The standard for comparison in an experiment is called the control group. 5. Complete the table: SI System of Measures SI Measurement Unit Symbol SI Prefix Symbol Meaning Length meter m kilo- k 1000 Mass kilogram kg hecto- h 100 Electrical Current ampere A deka- da 10 Amount mole mol deci- d 1/10th Time second s centi- c 1.100th Luminous Intensity candela cd milli- m 1/1000th Temperature kelvin K 6. The boiling point of water at sea level is 373 K or 100 °C. 7. The freezing point of water at sea level is 273 K or 0 °C. 8. The point at which matter stops moving is called absolute zero . It is equal to 0 K or −273 °C. 9. Convert the following: a. 300. K to °C 27 °C b. 35.0 °C to K 308 K c. 82 °C to K 355 K 10. Contrast accuracy and precision: Accuracy = true compared to a known measure / Precision = ability to reproduce the same measurement repeatedly 11. List the five steps of the scientific method. i. observation ii. question iii. hypothesis iv. experiment v. conclusions 12. Convert the following: a. 156.3 mL to 0.1563 L c. 0.3461 km to 3461 dm e. 9.15 m to 9150 mm b. 0.0031 kg to 3.1 g d. 34 223 m to 34.233 km f. 0.331 mL to 0.00331 dL 13. How many significant digits are present in each of the following? a. 0.0031mL 2 b. 3.400 N 4 c. 2300 dm 2 d. 0.722 m 3 e. 707.12 km 5 f. 230. L 3 Revised: 2020-09-07 Name: Date: Per: Chapters 1 & 2 Study Guide 14. Write the following in scientific notation: a. 0.00031 3.1 x 10-4 b. 3400000 3.4 x 106 c. 2300 2.3 x 103 d. 0.0047600 4.7600 x 10−3 15. Write the following in standard (expanded) notation: a. 3.12 x 106 3120000 b. 5.201 x 107 52010000 c. 7.6 x 10−5 0.000076 d. 3.100 x 107 Can’t really be done 16. A physical property is one which does not change the identity of a sample of matter as it is observed and includes such examples as: melting point, boiling point, density, color, odor . A property observed as a substance is undergoes permanent changes into another substance is called a chemical change property and includes such examples as: rusting, burning, rotting, cooking . This second type of property is observed during a chemical change . 17. Fill in the table below. State of Matter Description Definite Shape Definite Volume Indefinite Shape Indefinite Volume Solid Slow moving particles held in rigid structure. X X Gas Particles moving separately with space between them. X X Liquid Particles sliding past one another closely. X X Plasma Superheated gas in which particles become charged. X X 18. Label each change as being either physical (P) or chemical (C). a. Breaking glass P b. Condensing water P c. Lighting a match C d. Burning gasoline C e. Melting metal P f. Freezing water P g. Boiling water P h. Heating plastic P i. Cooking a steak C 19. Define “element”: smallest part of matter with unique chemical and physical properties a. Give three examples of elemental formulas: Mg, Au, Li b. Give two examples of polyatomic elemental formulas: H2, O2 20. Define “compound”: a unit of matter with fixed proportions of certain elements a. Give two examples of compound formulas: NaCl, CO2 21. Label each of the following as either an atomic formula (formula of an element) (A) or a compound formula (C). a. MgO C b. He A c. CO C d. NO C e. Co A f. No A g. H2O C h. Sn3N4 C i. Sn A