Chemical thermodynamics, Cheat Sheet of Chemistry

Download Chemical thermodynamics and more Cheat Sheet Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity! ~,- ,- /- /:=) DATE fh p rmodu10amt>1cs [ I I ltO J : Sc_r-;+e m , Su n ou rrd i nq and R,~n dctrCJ , • S :isterYl - It IS a pet r+ of unive..rse whi'ch IS under obsevvaiitm $1,ct11m · (,11 Yl'/'ll I nt1 lr>ci • Surrounding - I J The - . pat+ re.ma 1nil'\~ o.f un 't \/erne jl";. called f.Llr rou0d'1nCj · 4 6oundet rt:j • ~oundet~y- Tne- . ~urface. - sepera+·, ng . .sy~-t-em q- Sur ro Und., nq I'<. bou ndci 'r <,J . -~pes of' g(J&fe.m : (f) Open ~4s·tem - f ·xchonge both enugy and v matter (2) Closed system - on\~ exchctnge en u 8 t& bu"t- not- It) mcrtte.r. {3) I so I ated ~IF,+em ·- N e'rther- exchange energy nor matter ' -Ir' The ~+a-½c \I~ r ioble s l P, V, T' I) J descr·1bes, ihe, condi+ion ~ Cl ~~~'+em .. On chang1'riq an(d -one or · more. . o,f "1htSe . · vari. ~bles the.. s+aie of- the. stjs+em chCH'lqes • p - 'Pressure. . V - Volume · T- Tempe.~att(re. • I) - moles l no•) - Ex+ensivi proptrties - To1()1 ene.rgy , \Jo\ume.. 1 m~ss. e+c. - rn+~nsi ve.. pYo pe rti es - Y Yt'SS IA rt- 1 '1) e..r>s',ty I f? eha en v-e j hC1 e'){ e+c. - r - 1- 1 - 1- 1. OR TE -------, cr-nt-- 1 --____ o , • Tl1prs ~' l~ot h ct·r>7(l I process [ T- cons+ant1 -----. ----------- @ ls~t:>ati c. ptO(.t'SS [ P - cons+-o nt] - ___ @ _!_SOC h O n_c_ p rocess [ "J - tonc;tcm+ 1 {5; Adi ab eri l proc.es.s , Trcrnsfe.r of hear 1s. -zero , .e @ C<jc.l ic process : e. no. when o ~ys+em under~oes di+f-u n+- 0 f- process es otnd ~inall~ I ie.:turns ·' TD ·t41 I 1ri1h·~1 stare, . I I 'l known ~~ ~utc proLes..s I i I - I I I I I -- ----- --- I I - ---- ~ I ' --- - - I -t -- - --· ------ I - -- - - - ---------- -- - --- --- - ---- -- -- ---· - - --- - ------- --, :::=-===c== -- .=L .. . I I - ·-· -- -· · 1--~-====·-'----=--=i:....-- ,--., ---·-:r::::------i.:._::--·- :i·- 1 ,_- -· _ __ 0~~~i ~-~ e process ------------------- ------- - _____ ____ II ptocc>ss whose olirec1ion ca n b e ------------------ -- -- -- ·--- ... . -- --• ~ __ _ _ ___0 c> n ~ 'd b ~ "' n i h fin ; + "i m_•~---ch "'_"_ '!, ___ ::'_ o__ :1 he . - ,_ s~stem or S.l,\r round i ()g Clncl which -l'.ah be. ·-------- -·---- ----- -- ---- -- - -· ... -revosed bid retro ci n9 1he or·,~·,nol p~+h u1 nd - - --both -the '!.11~+em and s u r r o u n ct in~ <. Q re. -- - ·------ - - --restor~d TO ·Hie. initial S'te{ie -----ir---:::------------------------- - ------ • ~ucis ·, s+a1,·c. s.to.ie .- - Sys+r.m ,s alw~ys th equ,libr',u_i:-n l,,\;'rth 7he - ---tt------------------------ ---- o+leat capoci+lj -Hfat needed To rcnse ihe.. · +emperattt~_:_ ~f- __ _ -the- s~stem b~ 11< --7t--f=::===~===,-- ---------- -· --- ---H-------1.J_c_=._:::,;;q,_/o:::::aA-T,.:.-J _______________ _ o Molen heat copac·,+y: - +I eci+ needfd to ra1~e ihe --te. m per aivt re __ of orie mole ~QS by 1k -- o molar heat t-apacity [ ~+ tons+an-+ pressu~] j Cp = <tp /nAT J ______ _ o mo\~.,. he.a+ cap:::ccitlj [a+ cons+e1nt vo\umel - - [AH = 't p = nCpAT ] - - ,:: 6l,v - n Cv /J T -AU - - - - . --- I ,..--1 - 1 DATE 1-1:==i [!I hD of -Cv Ce_ Y = -Cp / Cv --- -- ~p e 9as - -- ---------- mono atom·,c 6/'6 - = 3 R / '2. 6 ~J 2 '·'--=1-. ----- 7/5 ------diatomic. 5R/2 1 R/ '2 : I.~ Non - line.r GR .:: ~,;_,_ 8·R : LI Jg_ Lt Is -=- 1.34 ( pollj aTom1 t) 'L '2- . - - - 0 Formulae .f-oY l d ed qos . ReveY•1;1ble -process I - ls:o1hermcd bU=LlH= 0 -- w ~ n(<T ·In ( V, \ .... nRT I h t P2. \ \ V2 \. P, J -- q,, = nRT lri ( V2. \ = riRT lt'I I P, \ \ v,) \ P2.-J - -Isobaric. W = - PAV = - n R.6 T - lsochori c w _=: 0 'tv = .1V =- nCv AT ,4 d iabet1i e, PV y = tons r~nt T Y-1 y 1-y - , V .:: w0s+ant , T P ~ ~r> ~ ,\--cu'\-t q=o W.::: DV JV-= nCvAT ;;: C f2 V?, - P,V, ) / tY - I) - (nR.1,J/y-1 ! I : I I () '(O PY I - i -Th~ d e~;ee of I ,, randomne~s " of- 0\ ~ '-1 St 0'Y"\ I I / .6 S: = 't rt v / T7 I I I - S ec.ond · I a w o.f 7n er rnod y r>cnY> ·,cs -I . . I I I I ( The I en+rop'i of an . l~o \O.-t Pd st1s-tun / un·werse i alwcty~ -+enos -ft> 1nete.ci te It\ . ~ spon-\ a neovs I l proas~ cmd 1he ~nt-rop~ of --the vn·,ve.,rse 1 nc.reG\!;e !) I ' I ,DS To-t~I == ~ 5 s4s+etn .,_ ~ 5 surr )0 - I -R.emembe.r .: In ~ revus·1blt. process the e..n-rr o Pli ·t" f' m Cl 'tJ"'I constant \ . .e. ( AS-rot'o..l . = o) . bS~ust - nCvln/T2.\+ nr< '" ( V'l. ~ I ,, ) \.'v, Ar i~olher met 1: A5 = nR lh ( V2. "'\ ~, J tor t ~otho r·, c, AS - n c"" ln/T2.~ ~ ,.~) -P.or 'so bC(r, l bS - (\ (p In I T2.. \ \ T, / f-OY ~di"b0tti l AS :::; 0 (~=-D)