Chemistry: Solutions of year for science test with correct answer -sheet, Exams of Chemistry

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Chemistry: Solutions of year for science test with correct answer - sheet  What are solutions? - Verified Answer Homogeneous mixtures  What is a homogeneous mixture? - Verified Answer It is the same throughout; you cannot see the different parts  Can a solution be a solid, liquid, and gas? - Verified Answer Yes  What is an example of a solid solution? - Verified Answer Alloys (mixture of metals)  What is an example of a gas solution? - Verified Answer Air (mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide...)  What is an example of a liquid solution? - Verified Answer Sugar water, tea, salt water...  What are the components of a solution? - Verified Answer There is a solvent and a solute  What is a solvent? - Verified Answer -It does the dissolving  -It is usually in greater amounts  What is a solute - Verified Answer -It is what is being dissolved  -It is usually in lesser amounts  For salt water, what is the solvent and what is the solute? - Verified Answer Solvent: Water  Solute: Salt  What are 2 ways to describe solutions? - Verified Answer Qualitative and Quantitative  What is a QUALITATIVE description of solutions? - Verified Answer -It is a description that does NOT include a number  -Ex) "This taste good"  What terms are often used in qualitative descriptions? - Verified Answer Dilute, concentrated, saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated  Dilute: - Verified Answer -Watered down/too watery  -There is a small amount of solute compared to the solvent  -For instance, there is too much water (solvent) in comparison to sugar (solute) in sugar water  -Ex) "This ice tea tastes dilute; it is too watery"  Concentrated: - Verified Answer -There is a large amount of solute compared to the solvent  -Ex) "This ice tea tastes concentrated; it is too strong"  Saturated: - Verified Answer -The maximum amount of solute is dissolved in a specific amount of solvent at a specific temperature  -Ex) "This sponge is saturated; you can't fit any more water inside the sponge because it already contains the maximum and if you add more it won’t dissolve"  Intermolecular Forces of Attraction: - Verified Answer The attraction between molecules  If there is a greater attraction between molecules, will it be harder to separate them? - Verified Answer Yes  How do you know if an element is polar or not? - Verified Answer By checking its electronegativity  An element is polar when... - Verified Answer The Electronegativity difference between the elements is greater than 0  Dipole-Dipole Forces (of attraction): - Verified Answer The attraction between polar molecules  How many poles does a dipole have? - Verified Answer 2- a negative and a positive  The stronger the intermolecular forces (more polar a molecule) the... - Verified Answer -Stronger the attraction  -Higher the melting point  -Higher the boiling point  -Lower the vapor pressure (eves. slower)  What happens to the molecules when you boil something? - Verified Answer You are pulling the molecules apart  What do you do if you want to pull molecules apart? - Verified Answer Increase the temperature  Vapor pressure: - Verified Answer How fast molecules separate (liquid gas) at regular room temperature (think of evaporation)  Hydrogen Bonding: - Verified Answer When polar molecules that contain a hydrogen to fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen bond attract to each other  Why is a strong intermolecular force created in hydrogen bonging? - Verified Answer Hydrogen is least electronegative of the nonmetals and fluorine, oxygen, and nitrogen are very electronegative nonmetals, making a very polar molecule  What is hydrogen bonding's boiling point and pressure? - Verified Answer -Higher boiling point  -Lower pressure  What happens when hydrogen bonds to FON? - Verified Answer It creates a hydrogen bond  What are London Dispersion Forces of Attraction? - Verified Answer -The attraction between all atoms or molecules formed by an induced instantaneous dipole  -Not as strong as dipole-dipole forces  When is London dispersion forces of attraction most significant? - Verified Answer In non-polar molecules  If an element or molecule has more mass, it has more _____. - Verified Answer Electrons and stronger London dispersion forces  The stronger the London Dispersion Forces, the... - Verified Answer -Higher the boiling point  -Higher the melting point  -Lower the vapor pressure  If a molecule is heavier, than the London dispersion forces will be ... - Verified Answer Stronger  Dilutions - Verified Answer Changing the amount of solvent (water)  Moles before dilution=Moles after dilution - Verified Answer M1V1=M2V2  Solubility - Verified Answer A measure of the amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent (usually water) at a certain temperature  Solubility curve: - Verified Answer Shows how much solute dissolves in a given volume of solvent at a given temperature  In a saturated solution... - Verified Answer additional solute will sink to the bottom and not dissolve  In an unsaturated solution... - Verified Answer added solute will dissolve  In a supersaturated solution... - Verified Answer added solute precipitates out all excess solute and it becomes a solid  Precipitation: - Verified Answer When a substance undergoes a phase change in a solution (gal or less) (rain, snow)  A sponge that is dry is: - Verified Answer unsaturated  A sponge that is soaked is: - Verified Answer saturated