Chemistry: Solutions of year for science test with correct answer -sheet, Exams of Chemistry

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Chemistry: Solutions of year for science test with correct answer -sheet  What are solutions? - Verified Answer Homogeneous mixtures  What is a homogeneous mixture? - Verified Answer It is the same throughout; you cannot see the different parts  Can a solution be a solid, liquid, and gas? - Verified Answer Yes  What is an example of a solid solution? - Verified Answer Alloys (mixture of metals)  What is an example of a gas solution? - Verified Answer Air (mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide...)  What is an example of a liquid solution? - Verified Answer Sugar water, tea, salt water...  What are the components of a solution? - Verified Answer There is a solvent and a solute  What is a solvent? - Verified Answer -It does the dissolving  -It is usually in greater amounts  What is a solute - Verified Answer -It is what is being dissolved  -It is usually in lesser amounts  For salt water, what is the solvent and what is the solute? - Verified Answer Solvent: Water  Solute: Salt  What are 2 ways to describe solutions? - Verified Answer Qualitative and Quantitative  What is a QUALITATIVE description of solutions? - Verified Answer -It is a description that does NOT include a number  -Ex) "This taste good"  What terms are often used in qualitative descriptions? - Verified Answer Dilute, concentrated, saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated  Dilute: - Verified Answer -Watered down/too watery  -There is a small amount of solute compared to the solvent  -For instance, there is too much water (solvent) in comparison to sugar (solute) in sugar water  -Ex) "This ice tea tastes dilute; it is too watery"  Concentrated: - Verified Answer -There is a large amount of solute compared to the solvent  -Ex) "This ice tea tastes concentrated; it is too strong"  Saturated: - Verified Answer -The maximum amount of solute is dissolved in a specific amount of solvent at a specific temperature  -Ex) "This sponge is saturated; you can't fit any more water inside the sponge because it already contains the maximum and if you add more it won’t dissolve"  Super saturated: - Verified Answer -More than the maximum amount of solute is dissolved in a specific amount of solvent at a specific temperature  -This only occurs under special conditions  What equations are used for QUANTITATIVE descriptions of solutions? - Verified Answer Percent by mass, percent by volume, parts per million, and molarity  % by mass = - Verified Answer (Mass of solute/mass of solution) X 100  % by volume= - Verified Answer (Volume of solute/volume of solution) X 100  Vapor pressure: - Verified Answer How fast molecules separate (liquid gas) at regular room temperature (think of evaporation)  Hydrogen Bonding: - Verified Answer When polar molecules that contain a hydrogen to fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen bond attract to each other  Why is a strong intermolecular force created in hydrogen bonging? - Verified Answer Hydrogen is least electronegative of the nonmetals and fluorine, oxygen, and nitrogen are very electronegative nonmetals, making a very polar molecule  What is hydrogen bonding's boiling point and pressure? - Verified Answer -Higher boiling point  -Lower pressure  What happens when hydrogen bonds to FON? - Verified Answer It creates a hydrogen bond  What are London Dispersion Forces of Attraction? - Verified Answer -The attraction between all atoms or molecules formed by an induced instantaneous dipole  -Not as strong as dipole-dipole forces  When is London dispersion forces of attraction most significant? - Verified Answer In non-polar molecules  If an element or molecule has more mass, it has more _____. - Verified Answer Electrons and stronger London dispersion forces  The stronger the London Dispersion Forces, the... - Verified Answer -Higher the boiling point  -Higher the melting point  -Lower the vapor pressure  If a molecule is heavier, than the London dispersion forces will be ... - Verified Answer Stronger  Dilutions - Verified Answer Changing the amount of solvent (water)  Moles before dilution=Moles after dilution - Verified Answer M1V1=M2V2  Solubility - Verified Answer A measure of the amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent (usually water) at a certain temperature  Solubility curve: - Verified Answer Shows how much solute dissolves in a given volume of solvent at a given temperature  In a saturated solution... - Verified Answer additional solute will sink to the bottom and not dissolve  In an unsaturated solution... - Verified Answer added solute will dissolve  In a supersaturated solution... - Verified Answer added solute precipitates out all excess solute and it becomes a solid  Precipitation: - Verified Answer When a substance undergoes a phase change in a solution (gal or less) (rain, snow)  A sponge that is dry is: - Verified Answer unsaturated  A sponge that is soaked is: - Verified Answer saturated  Can you add more water to the sponge once it is soaked? - Verified Answer No, you can't put more than the maximum amount in a sponge  When graphing solubility data, anything above the line that is dissolved is... - Verified Answer supersaturated  When graphing solubility data, anything below the line is... - Verified Answer unsaturated  When graphing solubility data, anything on the line that is dissolved is... - Verified Answer saturated  What type of solution is obtained when the maximum amount of solute is dissolved in water? - Verified Answer saturated  What do you notice about gases and solids on the solubility curve? - Verified Answer gases are decreasing, solids are increasing  Hall - Verified Answer hydrochloric acid  NH3 - Verified Answer ammonia  SO2 - Verified Answer sulfur dioxide  KClO3 - Verified Answer potassium chlorite  If you want something to dissolve, what do you do to the temperature? - Verified Answer Increase it  Grams->moles - Verified Answer G/gem= moles  Moles->grams - Verified Answer Multiply moles by gem