ADHD, Conduct Disorder, and Eating Disorders: Definition, Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments, Quizzes of Chemistry

Download ADHD, Conduct Disorder, and Eating Disorders: Definition, Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments and more Quizzes Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 ADHD DEFINITION 1 Neurobehavioral disorder of childhood. Usually first diagnosed in childhood. Children with ADHD have trouble paying attention, controlling impulsive behaviors and sometimes overly active Inattention, Impulsivity-hyperactivity Onset < 7 years Developmentally inappropriate Causes impairment in 2 or more settings Cause significant impairment in social, academic or occupational functioning TERM 2 ADHD core symptoms DEFINITION 2 Inattentive/ distractible Impulsivity Difficulty delaying gratification Hyperactivity Emotional over-arousal trouble following rules Social Problems Disorganization TERM 3 Impairments in the adolescent DEFINITION 3 Anger and lability of mood Driving violations and accidents Alcohol and substance abuse Early pregnancy Low self-esteem TERM 4 Prevalence of ADHD DEFINITION 4 Boys more likely than girls Children with any type of health insurance were noted to have a higher prevalence of ADHD TERM 5 ADHD etiology DEFINITION 5 Results from chemical imbalance in neurotransmitters which regulate behavior 25% of ADHD is genetically inherited 10-15% of ADHD arise from pre-natal injuries 3-5% arise from post-natal injuries Linked to frontal lobe, basal ganglia, cerebellum TERM 6 Neurotransmitters and ADHD DEFINITION 6 Catecholamine and dopamine have best link to attention, concentration and assoc'd cognitive functions (learning new tasks and motivation) Those with ADHD appear to have low levels of norepinephrine and/or dopamine Norepinephrine is responsible for sustaining and focusing attention, mediating energy, motivation and interest Dopamine mediates cognitive functions such as fluency, learning, executive functioning, sustaining and focusing attention and modulating behavior based on social cues TERM 7 ADHD psychosocial treatment DEFINITION 7 Parent praise (?) Clear rules/ limit setting and consistency Organization/ schedules Tangible rewards Cognitive Behavioral Therapy School Remediation Diagnostic testing TERM 8 Methylphenidate meds for ADHD DEFINITION 8 Ritalin, Ritalin LA, Concerta Daytrana patch Increase dopamine by blocking reuptake Side effects: CNS stimulation, insomnia, restlessness Advise client to take med in morning Unwanted weight loss/ retardation Monitor client weight, good nutrition, admin with meals CV: dysrhythmia, chest pain, high BP, may increase risk of sudden death in clients with heart probs Monitor VS TERM 9 Amphetamine meds for ADHD DEFINITION 9 Adderall, Adderall XR, Vyvance Blocks dopamine reuptake and increases production of dopamine and NE SE: CNS stimulation, insomnia, restlessness Take in morning Unwanted weight loss/ growth retardation Monitor weight, promote good nutrition , admin with meals CV: dysrhythmia, chest pain, high BP, may increase risk of sudden death in clients with heart probs Monitor VS TERM 10 Nonstimulant meds for ADHD DEFINITION 10 Atomexatine (Strattera) Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, increase NE SE: GI upset, mood swings, insomnia, weight loss and growth Take in AM Monitor weight, promote good nutrition , admin with meals TERM 21 Etiology of anorexia DEFINITION 21 Genetics Neurotransmitters -- low serotonin Effects of starvation Misinterpretation of body image, low self-esteem Rigid all-or-nothing thinking Obsessive- compulsive thoughts and rituals Perfectionism- particularly concern for mistakes Over control, hiding, avoidance of maturity perfectionistic family Sociocultural factors TERM 22 Epidemiology of Bulimia DEFINITION 22 4-20% in females 0.1-0.2% in males Appears during late teens to mid 20s TERM 23 Bulimia Nervosa etiology DEFINITION 23 Out of control, hiding, low self-esteem Sexual abuse Parents described as neglectful and rejecting. High rates of substance abuse in families (esp ETOH) Learned response to stress, reports parents used "comfort food" to manage stress and negative emotions TERM 24 Common behaviors assoc'd with bulimia DEFINITION 24 Recurrent episodes of uncontrollable binge eating Become very secretive about food, spend a lot of time thinking about and planning the next binge Takes repeated trips to bathroom particularly after eating Steal food or hoard it in strange places Engage in compulsive exercising Abuse laxatives and diuretics Anxiety escalates before eating TERM 25 Bulimia associated problems DEFINITION 25 Bradycardia Arrhythmias Hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hyptonatremia Dehydration Irreg. menses Calluses on back of hands and knuckles from self-induced vomiting enlarged parotid glands Tears in esophagus, dental carries, hoarseness Constipation TERM 26 Treatment of eating disorders DEFINITION 26 Inpatient hospitalization Nutrition therapy, education Cognitive therapy Family therapy Pharm Slowly ease into eating to get body systems working again, giving a bunch of cals rapidly can lead to heart failure TERM 27 Nursing interventions for eating disorders DEFINITION 27 Monitor caloric intake Observe VS, EKG,e-lytes, BUN, creatinie, CBC, TSH Monitor activity level Weigh daily with back to scale Lock bathroom door 1 hour after eating Determine # of cals req'd to provide adequate nutrition and realistic weight gain Encourage verbalization of thoughts and feelings- Do not focus on food/eating, teach to recognize signs of anxiety Focus on control issues, explain benefits of compliance TERM 28 Warning signs of Suicide in adolescence DEFINITION 28 Asses for outbursts of anger, mood swings, irritability and drastic changes in behavior, appearance and personality- aggression or violence toward others, impulsivity Loss of interest in usual activities Recent loss of loved one, breakups failing/declining grades in school conflicts with parents change in eating/sleeping patterns Running away, incarceration drug & alcohol use TERM 29 Low-risk suicide DEFINITION 29 No serious problems at home or at school Occasionally feels down No hx of depression Has good support system and involved in school activites Has open communication with parents TERM 30 Moderate Risk suicide DEFINITION 30 Wants to "get back" at parents Thoughts of suicide Current symptoms of depression Difficulty controlling temper binge drinking during weekends TERM 31 High Risk Suicide DEFINITION 31 Wants to be dead, sees no purpose in living Has a plan and access to firearm or pills Genetics Hx of prior suicide attempts Thrown out of house Hx of abuse Significant life stressors (death of loved one, divorce, separation)